Table 3.
Age-standardized prevalence of American adults (18 years of age or older) with hypertensive CKD treated For hypertension by combination of five classes of medications: NHANES 1999–2012.
| Combination of classes | 1999–2004 % (SE) |
2005–2008 % (SE) |
2009–2012 % (SE) |
|---|---|---|---|
| ACE I + ARB | 0.12∗ (0.09) | 0.33∗ (0.18) | 0.04∗ (0.03) |
| ACE I + BB | 3.41 (0.89) | 4.06 (1.02) | 4.24 (0.73) |
| ACE I + CCB | 4.59 (0.86) | 4.39 (0.88) | 3.24∗ (1.22) |
| ACE I + DIU | 10.82 (1.54) | 6.84 (1.17) | 7.36 (1.33) |
| ARB + BB | 0.52∗ (0.19) | 1.11 (0.21) | 1.92∗ (0.76) |
| ARB + CCB$ | 0.44∗ (0.16) | 1.88∗ (0.64) | 1.82∗ (1.12) |
| ARB + DIU | 4.22 (0.91) | 4.31 (1.05) | 4.64 (0.85) |
| BB + CCB | 2.12 (0.51) | 2.88 (0.64) | 1.44 (0.41) |
| BB + DIUX | 12.11 (1.72) | 5.48 (0.92) | 5.21 (1.37) |
| CCB + DIUX | 3.85 (0.69) | 3.28 (0.96) | 1.91∗ (0.82) |
| ACE I + ARB + BB | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.57∗ (0.51) | 0.14∗ (0.11) |
| ACE I + ARB + CCB | 0.22∗ (0.16) | 0.22∗ (0.20) | 0.06∗ (0.04) |
| ACE I + ARB + DIU | 0.17∗ (0.14) | 0.21∗ (0.12) | 0.03∗ (0.03) |
| ACE I + BB + CCB | 2.45∗ (0.91) | 2.40∗ (0.96) | 2.00 (0.48) |
| ACE I + BB + DIU | 2.23 (0.50) | 6.79 (1.22) | 5.74 (1.13) |
| ACE I + CCB + DIU | 3.09 (0.70) | 5.02 (1.30) | 2.39∗ (0.82) |
| ARB + BB + CCB | 0.34∗ (0.26) | 0.40∗ (0.14) | 2.49∗ (0.88) |
| ARB + BB + DIU | 3.08 (0.69) | 4.70 (0.81) | 4.66 (1.27) |
| ARB + CCB + DIU | 1.57∗ (0.50) | 1.81∗ (0.61) | 2.88 (0.81) |
| BB + CCB + DIU | 2.13 (0.55) | 2.25 (0.52) | 1.11∗ (0.35) |
| ACE I + ARB + BB + CCB | 0.04∗ (0.04) | 0.33∗ (0.21) | 0.03∗ (0.03) |
| ACE I + ARB + BB + DIU | 0.35∗ (0.19) | 0.21∗ (0.15) | 0.17∗ (0.11) |
| ACE I + ARB + CCB + DIU | 0.48∗ (0.48) | 0.08∗ (0.06) | 0.14∗ (0.08) |
| ARB + BB + CCB + DIU | 0.31∗ (0.12) | 1.67∗ (0.61) | 1.88 (0.52) |
| ACEI + ARB + BB + CCB + DIU | 0.20∗ (0.16) | 0.17∗ (0.10) | 0.49∗ (0.24) |
ACEI = Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; ARB = Angiotensin Receptor Blockers; BB = β-blockers; CCB = Calcium Channel Blockers; DIU = Diuretics. ∗Potentially statistically unreliable estimates with relative standard errors > 30%. $The use of this combination demonstrated significant increase in odds of advanced stages of CKD compared to odd of early stages, 1999 through 2012 (p = 0.0065).