Table 1.
Expression of proteoglycans (PGs) in tumor tissues and role in cancer pathogenesis.
| PG | Class | Expressed by tumor tissue | Cancer cell function affected |
|---|---|---|---|
| Serglycin | Intracellular | Lung, colon, breast, prostate cancer (21), hematological cancer (20), nasopharyngeal cancer (22), hepatocellular cancer (23) | ↑ Cancer growth (21)Hematological cancer malignant transformation (20)↑ Nasopharyngeal cancer metastasis (22)↑ Hepatocellular cancer metastasis to bone (23) |
| Perlecan | Basement membrane | Liver tumor blood vessels (26), melanoma (27), tumor blood vessels | ↑ Melanoma invasion (28)↑ Melanoma growth and angiogenesis (29) |
| Versican | Pericellular matrix | Prostate, breast, glioblastoma, laryngeal, ovarian, pancreatic, cervical, gastric cancer (30) | ↑ Breast cancer growth, mobility and metastasis54↓ Poor breast cancer response to chemotherapeutic drugs (54) |
| Aggrecan | Pericellular matrix | Laryngeal cancer (32) | ↓ Laryngeal cancer metastasis (32) |
| Decorin | Extracellular matrix (ECM) proper | Tumor stroma (33) | Tumor suppressor (33) |
| Lumican | ECM proper | Breast, osteosarcoma, colorectal, prostate, pancreatic, lung, cervical cancer (7) | Role dependent on expression and tumor type (7) |
| Biglycan | ECM proper | prostate, colorectal, melanoma, pancreatic, bladder cancer (34) | Tumor promoter (34) |
| Syndecan-2 | Cell membrane | Fibrosarcoma, osteosarcoma, breast, lung cancer (10, 18) | Role dependent on tumor type (10, 18) |
| Syndecan-1 | Cell membrane | Multiple myeloma (43) | ↑ Multiple myeloma growth and viability (43) |
| Glypican-1 | Cell membrane | Colorectal cancer | ↓ Metastasis |
| GLypican-3 | Cell membrane | Hepatocellular cancer (36) | Cell-cycle arrest at G1 phase (36) |