. 2018 Mar 6;9:179. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00179

Table 1.

Effect of different MSC mediators on macrophage polarization in vitro and in vivo.

MSC SOURCE MODULATION IN VITRO
MSC source	Macrophage source	Induction	Implicated mediator	Macrophage activation state	References
Murine BM-MSCs	Murine BM	M-CSF	ND	IL-10^highiNOS activity^down/Arg activity^up	Cho et al., 2014
Murine BM-MSCs	Murine BM	M-CSF	PGE₂	IL-10^highTNF-α^low	Kudlik et al., 2016
Murine BM-MSCs	Peritoneal macrophages	Thioglycollate	PGE₂	IL-10^highIL-12p40^highIL-6^lowTNF-α^low	Maggini et al., 2010
Murine ASCs and conditioned media	Murine BM	M-CSF	PGE₂	IL-10^highArg activity^upLIGHT⁺	Anderson et al., 2013b
Human BM-MSCs	Human CD14⁺ blood monocytes		IDO	IL-10^highCD206⁺	François et al., 2012
Human BM-MSCs	PBMCs	M-CSF	PGE₂	IL-10^int/TNF-α^low/IL-6^low/TGF-β^high/DC-SIGN^int/CD206^int	Vasandan et al., 2016
Human BM-MSCs	Human CD14⁺ blood monocytes		ND	IL-10^highCCL18⁺ CD206⁺CD163⁺	Melief et al., 2013a
Human BM-MSCs	Human CD14⁺ blood monocytes	M-CSF	ND	IL-10^highCD206⁺	Chiossone et al., 2016
Human amniotic MSCs (and their CM)	Human CD14⁺ blood monocytes	GM-CSF	PGE₂	IL-10^highCD206⁺DC-SIGN⁺	Magatti et al., 2017
Murine ASC-derived exosomes	Murine BM	L929 CM (30%)	ND	IL-10^highCD206⁺IL-6^lowiNOS activity^down/ArgI activity^up	Henao Agudelo et al., 2017
Human ASC-derived exosomes	Murine BM	GM-CSF	ND	CD206⁺CD36⁺CD86⁻CD40⁻	Lo Sicco et al., 2017
Human UC-MSC-derived exosomes	Peritoneal macrophages		ND	IL-10^highTNF-α^lowIL-6^low(qPCR)IL-7^low	Mao et al., 2017a
Human UC-MSC-derived exosomes	Murine BM	M-CSF	miR-146a	IL-10^highArgI⁺TNF-α^lowiNOS^low	Song Y. et al., 2017
MACROPHAGE MODULATION IN VIVO
MSCs source	Animal model	Administration	Implicated mediator	Macrophage activation state	References
Murine BM-MSCs	DSS colitis	i.p. 3 × 10⁶ cells on day 5	TSG-6	ArgII⁺CCL22⁺HO-1⁺TNF-α^low IL-12^low	Sala et al., 2015
Murine BM-MSCs	DSS colitis	i.v. 1 × 10⁶ cells on day 8	ND	F4/80⁺CD206⁺	Wang et al., 2014
Murine ASCs	DSS colitis	i.p. 1 × 10⁶ cells on day 1 and 5	ND	ArgI increased in colon (protein and mRNA)	de Aguiar et al., 2018
Murine BM- MSCs	DSS colitis	i.p. 0.5 × 10⁶ cells on day 0 and 12	Knock down of gal-3	IL-10^highIL-12^low F4/80⁺CD206⁺	Markovic et al., 2015
Murine BM-MSCs	TNBS colitis	i.v. 1 × 10⁶ cells on day 0	ND	CD11b⁺splenic macrophages	Parekkadan et al., 2011
Human ASCs	DSS colitis	i.p. 2 × 10⁶ cells on day 1	TSG-6	CD206⁺ArgI⁺/ym1⁺/Fizz1⁺	Song W. J. et al., 2017
Human UC-MSC extracts	DSS colitis	i.p. 150μg/mouse on day 3	ND	ArgI⁺LIGHT⁺CCL1⁺ in peritoneal macrophages	Song J. et al., 2017
INHIBITION OF MONOCYTE TO iDC DIFFERENTIATION
MSC source	Macrophage source	iDC induction	Implicated mediator	Macrophage activation state	References
Human BM-MSCs	Human CD14⁺ blood monocytes	IL-4+ GM-CSF	IL-6	CD14⁺CD1a⁻IL-10^high	Melief et al., 2013a
Human UC-MSCs	Human CD14⁺ blood monocytes	IL-4+ GM-CSF	Lactate	CD14⁺CD1a⁻IL-10^highTGF-β1⁺IL-6⁺	Selleri et al., 2016
Human UC-MSC	Human CD14⁺ blood monocytes	IL-4+ GM-CSF	IL-6, HGF	CD14⁺CD1a⁻IL-10^highIL-12^low	Deng et al., 2016

ND, not determined; Gal-3, galectin-3; Arg, arginase; i.p., intraperitoneal; i.v., intravenous; PBMCs, peripheral blood mononuclear cells; BM, bone marrow; UC, umbilical cord; CM, conditioned medium; CD163, hemoglobin scavenger receptor; LIGHT, TNF superfamily member 14; DC-SIGN, CD209/dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing non-integrin; CCL1, C-C motif chemokine ligand 1; CCL18, C-C motif chemokine ligand 18; CCL22, C-C motif chemokine ligand 22; HO-1, heme oxygenase-1; ym1, chitinase-3-like protein 3; Fizz1, found in inflammatory zone 1; IDO, indolamine 2,3,-dioxygenase.