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. 2018 Mar 6;10:55. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00055

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Copyright © 2018 Liu, Duan, Zhou, Wei, Chen, Yin, Zhang and Wang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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GCA pattern of intra-group and inter-group comparisons. (A,B) Causal effect patterns of the HC group and T2DM group. The red arrow indicates a positive casual effect and its direction. The blue arrow indicates a negative casual effect and its direction. (C) Comparison of signed-path coefficients between the two groups. ^*p < 0.05. Error bars define the SEM.