Table 1.
Characteristics of study population by prescription drug use
| No prescription drug use | Prescription opiate use+ | Sedative/tranquilizer use+ | |
|---|---|---|---|
| N = 562 (%) | N = 208 (%) | N = 134 (%) | |
| Sociodemographic | |||
| Age | |||
| Median (y) | 54.9 | 54.6 | 51.9 |
| IQR | 50.5 – 59.6 | 49.8 – 58.7 | 46.8 – 57.9 |
| Male gender | 390 (69.4) | 127 (61.1) | 65 (48.5) |
| African-American race | 522 (92.9) | 180 (86.5) | 107 (79.9) |
| Homelessness* | 26 (4.6) | 8 (3.9) | 9 (6.7) |
| Employment* | 104 (18.5) | 23 (11.1) | 13 (9.8) |
| Health Care Access | |||
| Health insurance* | 531 (95.0) | 199 (96.1) | 131 (97.8) |
| Prescription drug plan* | 532 (95.3) | 200 (96.6) | 129 (96.3) |
| Disability support* | 320 (57.1) | 144 (69.2) | 93 (69.4) |
| Usual source of primary health care | 502 (89.3) | 196 (94.2) | 122 (91.0) |
| Emergency room/outpatient visits* | 454 (80.8) | 184 (88.5) | 120 (89.6) |
| Tobacco and Substance Use | |||
| Tobacco use* | 406 (72.2) | 185 (88.9) | 115 (85.8) |
| Substance use* | |||
| None | 279 (49.9) | 48 (23.3) | 29 (21.8) |
| Alcohol, marijuana | 143 (25.6) | 65 (31.6) | 33 (24.8) |
| Snorted/smoked heroin/cocaine | 47 (8.4) | 41 (19.9) | 29 (21.8) |
| Injection drugs | 90 (16.1) | 52 (25.2) | 42 (31.6) |
| Alcohol/drug detoxification* | 148 (26.4) | 118 (56.7) | 77 (57.5) |
| Comorbidity | |||
| Current physical comorbidity* | 61 (11.1) | 30 (15.0) | 14 (11.1) |
| HIV infection | 188 (33.5) | 70 (33.7) | 40 (29.9) |
| Median CD4+ cell count/μL | 446.5 | 458 | 406.5 |
| Median HIV viral load/μL | 40 | 40 | 40 |
| HAART* | 157 (86.7) | 57 (81.4) | 29 (72.5) |
| HCV infection | 469 (83.5) | 180 (86.5) | 102 (76.7) |
| HBV infection | 193 (35.3) | 83 (40.3) | 56 (42.4) |
| CESD score > 23# | 94 (16.8) | 68 (32.7) | 59 (44.0) |
| Depression*∘ | 12 (2.1) | 10 (4.8) | 10 (7.5) |
| Anxiety disorder*∘ | 11 (2.0) | 6 (2.9) | 6 (4.5) |
| Manic depression*∘ | 6 (1.1) | 7 (3.4) | 10 (7.5) |
| Schizophrenia*∘ | 3 (0.5) | 1 (0.5) | 1 (0.8) |
| Ever treated for any mental health condition | 235 (42.0) | 133 (64.6) | 102 (76.7) |
| Body pain* | |||
| None | 139 (24.8) | 21 (10.1) | 12 (9.0) |
| Mild | 251 (44.7) | 81 (38.9) | 50 (37.3) |
| Moderate – Severe | 171 (30.5) | 106 (51.0) | 72 (53.7) |
*
During the prior 6 months
#
During the prior week
∘
Self-reported diagnosis
Abbreviations:
CESD, Center of Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale; HAART, highly active antiretroviral therapy; HBV, hepatitis b virus; HCV, hepatitis c virus; IQR, interquartile range; y, years; μL, micro liter