Table 3. Impact of trial enrollment on event-free and overall survivala.
|
Event-free survival |
Overall survival |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | HR (95% CI) | P-value | HR (95% CI) | P-value |
|
Enrollment on trial | ||||
| Enrolled | 0.62 (0.49–0.78) | <0.0001 | 0.61 (0.45–0.82) | 0.001 |
|
Demographic features | ||||
| Age at diagnosis | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||
| 1–4 years | REF | REF | ||
| 5–9 years | 1.61 (1.24–2.09) | 0.0004 | 1.82 (1.28–2.58) | 0.0009 |
| 10–14 years | 1.92 (1.43–2.58) | <0.0001 | 2.54 (1.74–3.70) | <0.0001 |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 1.32 (1.05–1.68) | 0.020 | 1.41 (1.03–1.93) | 0.031 |
| Race | 0.213 | 0.131 | ||
| White | REF | REF | ||
| Asian | 0.73 (0.50–1.09) | 0.124 | 0.73 (0.43–1.22) | 0.227 |
| Arab/West Asian | 1.17 (0.55–2.48) | 0.690 | 0.57 (0.14–2.29) | 0.426 |
| Aboriginal | 1.55 (0.89–2.71) | 0.125 | 1.92 (0.97–3.77) | 0.060 |
| Black | 1.04 (0.49–2.21) | 0.919 | 0.50 (0.12–2.03) | 0.502 |
| Latin American | 0.22 (0.03–1.53) | 0.125 | 0.40 (0.06–2.83) | 0.356 |
| Other | 0.45 (0.14–1.39) | 0.164 | 0.51 (0.13–2.08) | 0.350 |
| Unknown | 0.94 (0.61–1.46) | 0.795 | 1.44 (0.88–2.33) | 0.144 |
| Diagnostic era | ||||
| Prior to 2007 | 1.87 (1.46–2.40) | <0.0001 | 1.72 (1.24–2.37) | 0.001 |
|
Leukaemia features | ||||
| Initial white blood cell count | ||||
| ⩾50x109 l-1 | 1.88 (1.45–2.45) | <0.0001 | 2.81 (2.04–3.86) | <0.0001 |
| CNS status | 0.029 | 0.0009 | ||
| CNS 1 | REF | |||
| CNS 2 | 1.20 (0.81–1.79) | 0.360 | 1.58 (0.98–2.55) | 0.063 |
| CNS 3 | 1.46 (0.69–3.09) | 0.325 | 1.47 (0.54–3.97) | 0.449 |
| Immunophenotype | ||||
| B-precursor | 0.47 (0.32–0.70) | 0.0002 | 0.33 (0.21–0.52) | <0.0001 |
| Cytogenetic risk group | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||
| Favourable | 0.36 (0.25–0.50) | <0.0001 | 0.27 (0.16–0.45) | <0.0001 |
| Standard | REF | REF | ||
| Unfavourable | 2.61 (1.83–3.71) | <0.0001 | 3.46 (2.29–5.21) | <0.0001 |
|
Socioeconomic factors | ||||
| Nearest tertiary care centre | ||||
| Kilometers | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.824 | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.183 |
| Income quintile | 0.636 | 0.555 | ||
| 1 (lowest) | REF | REF | ||
| 2 | 0.86 (0.60–1.23) | 0.412 | 1.16 (0.73–1.83) | 0.530 |
| 3 | 0.92 (0.65–1.31) | 0.648 | 0.89 (0.55–1.43) | 0.620 |
| 4 | 0.77 (0.53–1.10) | 0.147 | 0.89 (0.55–1.42) | 0.617 |
| 5 (highest) | 0.82 (0.57–1.17) | 0.277 | 0.78 (0.47–1.28) | 0.327 |
Abbreviations: CI=confidence interval; CNS=central nervous system; HR=hazard ratio; REF=reference.
a
Univariate Cox proportional hazards model in which a HR<1 indicates better survival.