Table 3. Clinicopathological characteristics of patients in the four groups.

Parameter	Group 1 (pre−/post−) (n=20)	Group 2 (pre−/post+) (n=14)	Group 3 (pre+/post−) (n=5)	Group 4 (pre+/post+) (n=6)	P
Age, years (median (range))	71 (58–82)	72 (48–85)	61 (38–71)	67 (57–87)	0.927
Sex, n (%)					0.434
Male	13 (44.8)	7 (24.1)	4 (13.8)	5 (17.2)
Female	7 (43.8)	7 (43.8)	1 (6.3)	1 (6.3)
Diabetes mellitus, n (%)	5 (35.7)	4 (28.6)	1 (7.1)	4 (28.6)	0.239
Family cancer history, n (%)	9 (52.9)	5 (29.4)	1 (5.9)	2 (11.8)	0.755
Procedure, n (%)					0.537
Pancreaticoduodenectomy	12 (48.0)	6 (24.0)	4 (16.0)	3 (12.0)
Distal pancreatectomy	5 (31.3)	7 (43.8)	1 (6.3)	3 (18.8)
Total pancreatectomy	3 (75.0)	1 (25.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
NACRT, n (%)					0.221
Performed	5 (45.5)	2 (18.2)	3 (27.3)	1 (9.1)
Resection status, n (%)					0.802
R0	17 (47.2)	11 (30.6)	4 (11.1)	4 (11.1)
R1	3 (33.3)	3 (33.3)	1 (11.1)	2 (22.2)
Lymph node metastasis, n (%)					0.033
N0	4 (40.0)	1 (10.0)	1 (10.0)	4 (40.0)
N1	16 (45.7)	13 (37.1)	4 (11.4)	2 (5.7)
Pathological stage (UICC), n (%)					0.008
IA	1 (50.0)	0 (0.0)	1 (50.0)	0 (0.0)
IB	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
IIA	3 (37.5)	1 (12.5)	0 (0.0)	4 (50.0)
IIB	16 (45.7)	13 (37.1)	4 (11.4)	2 (5.7)
III	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
IV	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Perioperative chemotherapy, n (%)
PI	15 (46.9)	9 (28.1)	4 (12.5)	4 (12.5)	0.870
Adjuvant chemotherapy, n (%)
S-1 or GEM	16 (44.4)	12 (33.3)	4 (11.1)	4 (11.1)	0.813
First recurrence region
Liver	2 (28.6)	3 (42.9)	1 (14.3)	1 (14.3)	0.821
Lung	1 (16.7)	3 (50.0)	1 (16.7)	1 (16.7)	0.523
Peritoneal	1 (20.0)	2 (40.0.)	0 (0.0)	2 (40.0)	0.210
Local	3 (60.0)	1 (20.0)	0 (0.0)	1 (20.0)	0.719
Lymph node	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)

Abbreviations: GEM=gemcitabine; NACRT=neo-adjuvant chemoradiotherapy; PI=portal infusion; UICC=Union for International Cancer Control.