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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Mar 12.
Published in final edited form as: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2017 Oct 24;56(12):1081–1088.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2017.10.011

FIGURE 2.

FIGURE 2

Longitudinal structural equation model examining predictive effects of parental risks (a composite of Psychopathology, Lack of Social Support, and Cultural Stress), effective parenting (a latent variable of Monitoring, Warmth, and Noncoercive Discipline), and youth cultural stress on youth antisocial behaviors. Note: Standardized coefficients and standard errors of statistically significant paths are displayed. Nonsignificant paths (p > .05) are represented with dotted lines, with no coefficients shown. All paths are adjusted for child age at each wave (W1–3), gender, site, and socioeconomic status. *p < .05; **p < .01; ***p < .001.