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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Mar 8.
Published in final edited form as: Cell. 2018 Mar 8;172(6):1216–1227. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.02.015

Figure 4. Future directions in studying evolution of host-associated microbes in situ.

Figure 4

A fundamental challenge in studying the evolution of individual microbes within communities remains the ability to associate polymorphism with a specific lineage over time. Three approaches to overcoming this barrier that have been subject to great recent advances are metagenomics assembly (A), next-generation culturing (B), and single-cell sequencing (C).