Table 2.
HR and 95% CI of Total and Site-specific Digestive System Cancers by Total Physical Activity
| Total Physical Activity (MET-hours/week)
|
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sites of Digestive System Cancers | ≤ 8.9 | 9-20.9 | 21-41.9 | 42-62.9 | 63+ | Plinear trend |
|
Total Digestive System
|
||||||
| No. of incident cases | 343 | 361 | 373 | 182 | 111 | 1,370 |
| Age-adjusted | 1(reference) | 0.90(0.78,1.05) | 0.80(0.69,0.94) | 0.77(0.64,0.93) | 0.70(0.56,0.87) | <.001 |
| Multivariablea | 1(reference) | 0.94(0.80,1.09) | 0.85(0.73,0.99) | 0.81(0.67,0.98) | 0.74(0.59,0.93) | .003 |
| Multivariable+BMIb | 1(reference) | 0.95(0.82,1.11) | 0.87(0.74,1.01) | 0.84(0.69,1.01) | 0.77(0.61,0.97) | .01 |
| Multivariable+BMI+DMc | 1(reference) | 0.95(0.82,1.11) | 0.87(0.75,1.02) | 0.85(0.70,1.02) | 0.78(0.62,0.98) | .01 |
|
| ||||||
|
Digestive Tract
|
||||||
| No. of incident cases | 274 | 281 | 288 | 150 | 77 | 1070 |
| Age-adjusted | 1(reference) | 0.89(0.75,1.06) | 0.80(0.67,0.94) | 0.82(0.67,1.01) | 0.63(0.49,0.81) | <.001 |
| Multivariablea.d | 1(reference) | 0.93(0.78,1.10) | 0.84(0.70,1.00) | 0.86(0.70,1.06) | 0.66(0.51,0.87) | .003 |
| Multivariable+BMIb | 1(reference) | 0.94(0.79,1.11) | 0.86(0.72,1.02) | 0.89(0.72,1.10) | 0.69(0.53,0.90) | .01 |
| Multivariable+BMI+DMc | 1(reference) | 0.94(0.79,1.12) | 0.86(0.72,1.03) | 0.89(0.72,1.11) | 0.70(0.54,0.91) | .01 |
|
| ||||||
| Upper Digestive Tract (Mouth/Pharynx to Small Intestine) |
||||||
| No. of incident cases | 86 | 74 | 85 | 44 | 20 | 309 |
| Age-adjusted | 1(reference) | 0.74(0.54,1.01) | 0.72(0.53,0.98) | 0.74(0.51,1.07) | 0.49(0.30,0.80) | .01 |
| Multivariablea | 1(reference) | 0.75(0.54,1.03) | 0.74(0.54,1.02) | 0.76(0.52,1.12) | 0.50(0.30,0.83) | .02 |
| Multivariable+BMIb | 1(reference) | 0.75(0.55,1.04) | 0.75(0.54,1.03) | 0.78(0.53,1.14) | 0.51(0.30,0.85) | .03 |
| Multivariable+BMI+DMb | 1(reference) | 0.76(0.55,1.04) | 0.75(0.54,1.04) | 0.78(0.53,1.15) | 0.51(0.31,0.85) | .03 |
|
| ||||||
| Colorectum
|
||||||
| No. of incident cases | 188 | 207 | 203 | 106 | 57 | 761 |
| Age-adjusted | 1(reference) | 0.97(0.79,1.18) | 0.83(0.68,1.02) | 0.86(0.67,1.09) | 0.69(0.51,0.94) | .01 |
| Multivariablea | 1(reference) | 1.02(0.83,1.25) | 0.89(0.72,1.10) | 0.92(0.71,1.18) | 0.76(0.55,1.03) | .05 |
| Multivariable+BMIb | 1(reference) | 1.03(0.84,1.27) | 0.92(0.74,1.13) | 0.95(0.74,1.23) | 0.79(0.58,1.08) | .12 |
| Multivariable+BMI+DMb | 1(reference) | 1.04(0.85,1.27) | 0.92(0.75,1.14) | 0.96(0.75,1.24) | 0.80(0.59,1.10) | .13 |
|
| ||||||
|
Digestive Accessory Organs
|
||||||
| No. of incident cases | 69 | 80 | 85 | 32 | 34 | 300 |
| Age-adjusted | 1(reference) | 0.94(0.68,1.30) | 0.84(0.60,1.16) | 0.61(0.40,0.93) | 0.95(0.62,1.45) | .26 |
| Multivariablea,d | 1(reference) | 0.98(0.71,1.37) | 0.90(0.64,1.26) | 0.65(0.42,1.01) | 1.02(0.66,1.58) | .46 |
| Multivariable+BMIb | 1(reference) | 0.99(0.71,1.39) | 0.91(0.65,1.28) | 0.67(0.43,1.04) | 1.05(0.68,1.64) | .56 |
| Multivariable+BMI+DMc | 1(reference) | 1.00(0.72,1.40) | 0.92(0.66,1.29) | 0.68(0.44,1.06) | 1.08(0.69,1.68) | .63 |
|
| ||||||
| Pancreas
|
||||||
| No. of incident cases | 54 | 66 | 66 | 24 | 25 | 235 |
| Age-adjusted | 1(reference) | 1.00(0.69,1.43) | 0.84(0.58,1.22) | 0.59(0.36,0.96) | 0.90(0.55,1.46) | .15 |
| Multivariablea | 1(reference) | 1.01(0.70,1.47) | 0.87(0.60,1.28) | 0.62(0.37,1.02) | 0.95(0.57,1.57) | .28 |
| Multivariable+BMIb | 1(reference) | 1.01(0.70,1.47) | 0.88(0.60,1.28) | 0.62(0.38,1.03) | 0.96(0.58,1.60) | .31 |
| Multivariable+BMI+DMc | 1(reference) | 1.02(0.71,1.48) | 0.88(0.60,1.30) | 0.64(0.38,1.05) | 0.99(0.59,1.64) | .36 |
|
| ||||||
| Liver+Gallbladder
|
||||||
| No. of incident cases | 15 | 14 | 19 | 8 | 9 | 65 |
| Age-adjusted | 1(reference) | 0.74(0.35,1.54) | 0.83(0.41,1.65) | 0.68(0.28,1.64) | 1.14(0.49,2.66) | .78 |
| Multivariablea | 1(reference) | 0.85(0.40,1.79) | 1.00(0.49,2.05) | 0.80(0.32,1.98) | 1.30(0.53,3.16) | .61 |
| Multivariable+BMIb | 1(reference) | 0.89(0.42,1.89) | 1.07(0.52,2.22) | 0.88(0.35,2.17) | 1.43(0.58,3.51) | .47 |
| Multivariable+BMI+DMc | 1(reference) | 0.90(0.42,1.90) | 1.08(0.52,2.24) | 0.89(0.36,2.22) | 1.45(0.59,3.57) | .45 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; DM, diabetes mellitus; HR, hazards ratio; MET, metabolic equivalent task
Multivariable analyses were stratified by age (continuous) and questionnaire cycle; adjusted for Caucasian (yes vs. no), smoking (never, past, current 1-14.9 cigarettes/day, current 15-24.9 cigarettes/day, current 25+ cigarettes/day, unknown status), family history of cancer (yes vs. no), history of physical examination for screening purpose (yes vs. no), current aspirin use (yes vs. no), current multivitamin use (yes vs. no), and intakes of total calories (quintiles), alcohol (0, 0.1-4.9, 5.0-29.9, 30+ g/day), red and processed meat (quintiles), whole grains (quintiles), fruits (quintiles), and vegetables (quintiles); analysis for mouth/pharynx to small intestine cancers was additionally adjusted for history of upper endoscopy (yes vs. no); analysis for colorectal cancer was additionally adjusted for history of endoscopy and polyps (no endoscopy+no polyp detection, endoscopy+no polyp detection, endoscopy+polyp detection, unknown status).
Multivariable analyses were additionally adjusted for BMI (<23, 23-24.9, 25-29.9, 30-34.9, 35+ kg/m2).
Multivariable analyses were additionally adjusted for history of DM (yes vs. no).
P value for heterogeneity in the linear association across digestive tract cancers and digestive accessory organ cancers was .47.