. 2018 Feb 26;2018:5637130. doi: 10.1155/2018/5637130

Table 3.

Statistical analysis at the end of the ten-year follow-up study.

Variables	Category	Mean values	Univariate statistical study significance
Age (years)	No diabetic retinopathy	62.53 ± 13.63	p < 0.001, (F = 6.998)^∗
Age (years)	Diabetic retinopathy	71.94 ± 10.56	p < 0.001, (F = 6.998)^∗

Sex (male)	No diabetic retinopathy	41.50%	p < 0.001, OR 2.24 (1.05–3.22)^∗∗
Sex (male)	Diabetic retinopathy	58.50%	p < 0.001, OR 2.24 (1.05–3.22)^∗∗

Diabetes duration (years)	No diabetic retinopathy	9.36 ± 6.58	p < 0.001, (F = 21.56)
Diabetes duration (years)	Diabetic retinopathy	12.18 ± 6.21	p < 0.001, (F = 21.56)

Arterial hypertension	No diabetic retinopathy	49.53	p = 0.003, OR 2.04 (1.14–3.11)
Arterial hypertension	Diabetic retinopathy	50.47	p = 0.003, OR 2.04 (1.14–3.11)

Insulin treatment	No diabetic retinopathy	18.54	p < 0.001, OR 3.98 (2.24–5.17)
Insulin treatment	Diabetic retinopathy	51.40	p < 0.001, OR 3.98 (2.24–5.17)

HbA1c (%)	No diabetic retinopathy	7.69 ± 2.69	p < 0.001, (F = 13.75)
HbA1c (%)	Diabetic retinopathy	8.07 ± 1.76	p < 0.001, (F = 13.75)

eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m²)	No diabetic retinopathy	89.66 ± 16.11	p = 0.004, (F = 9.10)
eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m²)	Diabetic retinopathy	56.32 ± 12.20	p = 0.004, (F = 9.10)

UACR (mg/g)	No diabetic retinopathy	4.82 ± 43.00	p < 0.001, (F = 14.81)
UACR (mg/g)	Diabetic retinopathy	75.30 ± 231.26	p < 0.001, (F = 14.81)

^∗Study made with two-tailed Student's t-test or ANOVA; F: Fisher-Snedecor distribution. ^∗∗Study made with Chi-square; OR: odds ratio (95% CI).