Table 1.
Demographic and clinical variables and outcomes of patients stratified by the presence of AKI.
| Parameters | Sepsis patients enrolled in SICU | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All (n = 105) | No AKI (n = 53) | AKI (n = 52) | ||
| Demographic data | ||||
| Age, mean (SD), y | 51.3 ± 14.6 | 51.2 ± 14.5 | 51.4 ± 14.9 | 0.946 |
| Male, n (%) | 82 (78.1%) | 38 (71.7%) | 44 (84.6%) | 0.110 |
| BMI, mean (SD) | 21.2 ± 3.0 | 21.1 ± 2.8 | 21.2 ± 3.2 | 0.628 |
| Primary disease, n (%) | 0.649 | |||
| Traffic accident | 8 (7.6%) | 3 (5.6%) | 5 (9.6%) | |
| Injurya | 13 (12.4%) | 5 (9.4%) | 8 (15.4%) | |
| Surgical complicationb | 78 (74.3%) | 42 (79.3%) | 36 (69.2%) | |
| Others | 6 (5.7%) | 3 (5.7%) | 3 (5.8%) | |
| Comorbidity, n (%) | ||||
| Hypertension | 19 (18.1%) | 11 (20.8%) | 8 (15.4%) | 0.475 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 12 (11.4%) | 5 (9.4%) | 7 (13.5%) | 0.517 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 5 (4.8%) | 3 (5.7%) | 2 (3.8%) | 0.663 |
| Site of infections, n (%) | 0.903 | |||
| Abdominal | 51 (48.6%) | 27 (50.9%) | 24 (46.2%) | |
| Pulmonary | 25 (23.8%) | 11 (20.8%) | 14 (26.9%) | |
| Urinary | 6 (5.7%) | 3 (5.7%) | 3 (5.8%) | |
| Others | 23 (21.9%) | 12 (22.6%) | 11 (21.1%) | |
| ICU admission | ||||
| APACHE II score, mean (SD) | 13.8 ± 5.3 | 12.2 ± 3.4 | 15.5 ± 6.4 | 0.001 |
| SOFA score, mean (SD) | 9.1 ± 3.8 | 8.1 ± 2.7 | 10.1 ± 4.5 | 0.006 |
| Mechanical ventilation, n (%) | 40 (38.1%) | 15 (28.3%) | 25 (48.1%) | 0.037 |
| Leukocyte count, mean (SD), ×109/L | 14.7 ± 2.1 | 14.4 ± 1.8 | 15.1 ± 2.3 | 0.086 |
| CRP, mean (SD), mg/L | 72.1 ± 30.2 | 68.6 ± 25.2 | 75.6 ± 38.7 | 0.276 |
| PCT, mean (SD), ng/mL | 4.0 ± 1.7 | 3.7 ± 1.4 | 4.3 ± 1.6 | 0.043 |
| IL-6, mean (SD), pg/mL | 197.5 ± 85.4 | 177.2 ± 77.8 | 218.2 ± 95.3 | 0.017 |
| Plasma sodium, mean (SD), mmol/L | 140.5 ± 6.2 | 141.1 ± 6.9 | 139.8 ± 5.8 | 0.299 |
| Plasma potassium, mean (SD), mmol/L | 4.2 ± 1.1 | 4.3 ± 1.2 | 4.1 ± 0.9 | 0.336 |
| Lactate, mean (SD), mmol/L | 2.3 ± 1.5 | 2.1 ± 1.1 | 2.6 ± 1.9 | 0.104 |
| eGRF, median (IQR) | 59.6 [32.0–92.5] | 73.3 [49.0–114.0] | 42.4 [22.1–77.0] | <0.001 |
| Plasma creatinine, median (IQR), μmol/L | 81.0 [116.0–177.0] | 90.0 [70–129.0] | 151.0 [96.0–287.0] | <0.001 |
| Urinary NGAL, median (IQR), ng/mL | 60.3 [44.6–82.1] | 50.3 [39.4–66.2] | 74.0 [52.3–92.9] | <0.001 |
| Urinary KIM-1, median (IQR), ng/mL | 1642.0 [1198.5–1819.7] | 1236.1 [1060.8–1604.6] | 1615.3 [1241.3–1294.5] | 0.001 |
| Outcomes | ||||
| Septic shock | 18 (17.1%) | 5 (9.4%) | 13 (25%) | 0.34 |
| Receiving RRT, n (%) | 19 (18.1%) | 0(%) | 19 (28.8%) | <0.001 |
| Hospital LOS, mean (SD), d | 23.7 ± 8.7 | 21.2 ± 6.7 | 26.1 ± 9.8 | 0.003 |
| Hospital mortality, n (%) | 18 (17.1%) | 5 (9.4%) | 13 (25%) | 0.34 |
BMI: body mass index; APACHE: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation; SOFA: Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment; CRP: C-reaction protein; PCT: procalcitonin; NGAL: neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin; KIM-1: kidney injury molecule-1; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration; LOS: length of stay. aInjury includes gunshot, falling, cuts, and bruising; bPatients who developed into intra-abdominal infection after elective surgery were categorized as having surgical complication.