Table 2.

Postoperative morphine equivalent consumption and postoperative pain score

Outcome	# of studies	Sample size: ketamine (control)	Analysis Model	MD (95% CI)	p Hetero	p Effect
Morphine equivalents (4hrs)	3	54 (56)	Random Effects	−5.69 (−10.73 to −0.65)	0.02	0.03
Morphine equivalents (8hrs)	3	54 (56)	Fixed Effects	−8.16 (−10.54 to −5.78)	0.34	<0.001
Morphine equivalents (12hrs)	7	208 (152)	Random Effects	−7.06 (−12.99 to −1.13)	<0.001	0.02
Morphine equivalents (24hrs)	13	357 (272)	Random Effects	−14.38 (−18.13 to −10.62)	<0.001	<0.001
Morphine equivalents (36hrs)	3	51 (52)	Fixed Effects	−8.64 (−18.62 to 1.33)	0.18	0.09
Morphine equivalents (48hrs)	7	205 (155)	Random Effects	2.39 (−10.42 to 15.21)	0.04	0.71
Pain scores (0h)	4	78 (80)	Fixed Effects	−0.18 (−0.69 to 0.33)	0.60	0.48
Pain scores (1hrs)	5	158 (96)	Random Effects	−1.02 (−2.46 to 0.42)	<0.001	0.16
Pain scores (6hrs)	5	200 (123)	Random Effects	−1.18 (−1.67 to −0.69)	0.03	<0.001
Pain scores (12hrs)	6	196 (139)	Random Effects	−1.01 (−1.51 to −0.52)	0.03	<0.001
Pain scores (24hrs)	10	302 (202)	Random Effects	−1.27 (−1.70 to −0.84)	0.007	<0.001
Pain scores (36hrs)	4	143 (102)	Random Effects	0.15 (−1.15 to 1.44)	0.002	0.83
Pain scores (48hrs)	7	227 (160)	Random Effects	−0.35 (−0.96 to 0.26)	0.04	0.26
Pain scores (72hrs)	3	133 (83)	Fixed Effects	0.04 (−0.36 to 0.43)	0.05	0.85

MD: mean difference; CI: confidence interval; p: p-value