Table 3.
Comparison of odds ratio and 95% CI in hierarchical logistic regression
| Major domains | Variables | Category | Outcome (No disease) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||
| Model 1† | Model 2 | Model 3 | Mode l 4 | Model 5 (Full model) | |||
| Socioeconomic factors | Place of residence | Rural | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Urban | 1.26 | 1.18 (0.95–1.49) | 1.12 (0.92–1.12) | 0.98 (0.94–1.26) | 0.81 (0.61–1.5) | ||
| Education | No formal | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Secondary | 1.62 | 1.52 (0.84–2.94) | 1.32 (0.72–1.12 | 1.08 (0.92–1.57) | 0.92 (0.51–1.7) | ||
| Higher | 1.86 | 1.65 (0.99–1.89) | 1.49 (0.94–1.75) | 1.37 (0.88–1.98) | 1.20 (1.02–1.61) | ||
| Occupation | Agriculture | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Housewife | 0.130 | .12 (0.03–1.21) | 0.08 (0.05–1.12) | 0.07 (0.04–1.06 ) | 0.62 (0.10–1.86) | ||
| Job | 0.79 | 0.66 (0.1–1.26) | 0.53 (0.21–1.28) | 0.29 (0.18–1.11) | 0.21 (0.09–1.30) | ||
| House structure | Dwelling | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Improved | 1.05 | 1.04 (0.23–1.25) | 1.04 (0.25–1.10) | 1.01 (0.6–1.15) | 0.92 (0.49–1.21) | ||
| Relatively safe | 1.07 | 1.04 (0.21–1.23) | 1.05 (0.18–1.18) | 1.02 (0.34–0.97) | 1.04 (0.04–0.92) | ||
| Type of floor | Mud | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Cement | 1.15 | 1.01 (0.21–1.12) | 0.99 (0.24–1.08) | 0.06 (0.01–1.02) | 0.92 (0.71–1.52) | ||
| Cooking fuel | Firewood and dung | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| LP/bio-gas | 0.8 | 0.45 (0.25–1.14) | 0.39 (0.15–1.04) | 0.32 (0.11–1.12) | 0.28 (0.05–1.41) | ||
| Self-care factors | Safe toilet | No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Yes | 2.56** | 2.53 (2.20–3.94)** | 2.5 (1.07–4.57)** | 2.48 (1.98–7.98)** | |||
| Source of drinking water | River stream | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Tube well | 0.22 | 0.23 (0.16–1.07) | 0.22 (0.18–1.14) | 0.26 (0.18–1.24) | |||
| Tap water | 0.49 | 0.47 (0.21–1.03) | 0.43 (0.14–1.31) | 0.50 (0.30–1.32) | |||
| Sleeping at regular time | No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 2.03** | 1.94 (1.14–3.75)** | 1.92 (1.13–4.47)** | 2.45 (2.12–5.03)** | |||
| Health checkup last year | No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 1.52* | 1.14 (1.01–2.34) | 0.97 (0.45–1.56) | 0.87 (0.54–1.85) | |||
| Lifestyle factors | Drinking alcohol | Yes | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| No | 0.84 | 0.72 (0.21–1.56) | 0.68 (0.39–1.42) | ||||
| Tobacco use | Yes | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| No | 3.39** | 2.91 (2.11–8.01)*** | 2.86 (1.74–7.34)*** | ||||
| Junk food (as main food) | Yes | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| No | 2.1** | 1.71 (1.51–5.56)** | 1.65 (1.32–4.61)** | ||||
| Spiritual behaviors | Regular exercise before and after yoga | No | 1 | 1 | |||
| Yes | 3.51*** | 2.81 (1.91–5.62)*** | |||||
| Regular yoga/meditation | No | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Yes | 4.26*** | 2.56 (2.01–4.88)*** | |||||
| Regular worship | No | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Yes | 6.16*** | 4.56 (3.91–8.26)*** | |||||
†
unadjusted odds ratio,
*
p < 0.05,
**
p < 0.01,
***
p < 0.001.