Figure 3.

Licochalcone A (LicA) promotes reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HCCs). HCCs were pretreated with antioxidant N-Acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) for 2 h, and treated with 0.1% DMSO or 50 µM LicA for 24 h. (A) Measuring the level of glutathione (GSH) by ELISA kit at 420 nm. (B) The level of O₂⁻ was measured by ELISA kit at 550 nm. The level of ROS was measured by 2,7-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) using (C) fluorescence microplate reader or (D) fluorescence microscope. ^*P<0.05, ^**P<0.01 and ^***P<0.005.