Table 2. Univariate analysis of the demographic characteristics and clinical data of the enrolled patients.
| Consistency (n = 441) | Inconsistency | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A high risk of exacerbations / GOLD 1 or 2 (n = 58) | p-value | A low risk of exacerbations / GOLD 3 or 4 (n = 258) |
p-value | Total (n = 316) | p-value | ||
| Age (years)† | 72.4±9.4 | 75.1±8.9 | 0.051 | 71.1±9.4 | 0.080 | 71.9±9.4 | 0.417 |
| <60 | 38 (8.6%) | 1 (1.7%) | 28 (10.9%) | 29 (9.2%) | |||
| 60–69 | 123 (27.9%) | 14 (24.1%) | 79 (30.6%) | 93 (29.4%) | |||
| 70–79 | 165 (37.4%) | 25 (43.1%) | 98 (38.0%) | 123 (38.9%) | |||
| ≧80 | 115 (26.1%) | 18 (31.0%) | 53 (20.5%) | 71 (22.5%) | |||
| Male Gender‡ | 422 (95.7%) | 306 (96.8%) | 0.732 | 251 (97.3%) | 0.385 | 306 (96.8%) | 0.538 |
| Smoking‡ | 0.180 | 0.429 | 0.205 | ||||
| Never | 32 (7.3%) | 6 (10.3%) | 22 (8.5%) | 28 (8.9%) | |||
| Ex- smoker | 250 (56.7%) | 38 (65.5%) | 155 (60.1%) | 193 (61.1%) | |||
| Current smoker | 159 (36.1%) | 14 (24.1%) | 81 (31.4%) | 95 (30.1%) | |||
| BMI† | 23.5±3.7 | 23.0±3.4 | 0.383 | 22.9±3.8 | 0.075 | 22.9±3.8 | 0.063 |
| Presence of wheezing‡ | 185 (42.0%) | 42 (72.4%) | 0.000* | 112 (43.4%) | 0.766 | 154 (48.7%) | 0.076 |
| GOLD spirometric classification‡ | |||||||
| 0.001* | 0.000* | 0.000* | |||||
| I | 91 (20.6%) | 10 (17.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 10 (3.2%) | |||
| II | 262 (59.4%) | 48 (82.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | 48 (15.2%) | |||
| III | 68 (15.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 202 (78.3%) | 202 (63.9%) | |||
| IV | 20 (4.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 56 (21.7%) | 56 (17.7%) | |||
| Positive bronchodilator testठ| 132 (29.9%) | 15 (25.9%) | 0.627 | 88 (34.1%) | 0.288 | 103 (32.6%) | 0.483 |
| CAT scores≧10‡ | 187 (42.4%) | 32 (55.2%) | 0.089 | 138 (53.5%) | 0.006* | 170 (53.8%) | 0.003* |
| mMRC 2–4‡ | 260 (59.0%) | 37 (63.8%) | 0.573 | 180 (69.8%) | 0.006* | 217 (68.7%) | 0.008* |
| Number of exacerbations in the previous year‡ | 0.000* | 0.000* | 0.452 | ||||
| 0–1 | 377 (85.5%) | 19 (32.8%) | 258 (100.0%) | 277 (87.7%) | |||
| ≧2 | 64 (14.5%) | 39 (67.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 39 (12.3%) | |||
| Severe exacerbations‡ | 62 (14.1%) | 35 (60.3%) | 0.000* | 0 (0.0%) | 0.000* | 35 (11.1%) | 0.271 |
| Inhaled pharmacological therapy‡ | 0.561 | 0.204 | 0.233 | ||||
| None | 49 (11.1%) | 6 (10.3%) | 13 (5.0%) | 19 (6.0%) | |||
| LAMA alone | 115 (26.1%) | 14 (24.1%) | 72 (27.9%) | 86 (27.2%) | |||
| LABA alone | 20 (4.5%) | 1 (1.7%) | 13 (5.0%) | 14 (4.4%) | |||
| LABA + LAMA | 32 (7.3%) | 2 (3.4%) | 15 (5.8%) | 17 (5.4%) | |||
| LAMA + ICS | 10 (2.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 6 (2.3%) | 6 (1.9%) | |||
| ICS/LABA | 101 (22.9%) | 16 (27.6%) | 63 (24.4%) | 79 (25.0%) | |||
| ICS/LABA + LAMA | 114 (25.9%) | 19 (32.8%) | 76 (29.5%) | 95 (30.1%) | |||
| Methylxanthines‡ | 325 (73.7%) | 48 (82.8%) | 0.183 | 190 (73.6%) | 1.000 | 238 (75.3%) | 0.675 |
| Co-morbidities‡ | |||||||
| ≧1 | 104 (23.6%) | 21 (36.2%) | 0.054 | 113 (43.8%) | 0.000* | 134 (42.4%) | 0.000* |
| ≧2 | 10 (2.3%) | (8.8%) | 0.020* | 17 (6.6%) | 0.008* | 22 (7.0%) | 0.003* |