Figure 1.

Change in Arousal State over the Time Course of Food Deprivation

(A–D) Pictures on the left show single video frames of WT worms during indicated behavior. Scale bars: 100 μm. Traces show population means (±SEM) across experiments under indicated feeding states for reversals (A), forward speed (B), quiescence (C), and head-waving behaviors (D). Animals were stimulated with changing O₂ concentrations as shown. n indicates number of experiments (∼100 animals each). Bars denote time intervals used for quantifications on the right. Boxplots (median, interquartile range, and min to max whiskers) on the right show quantifications of fold- or %-change (red- versus black-labeled intervals) in reversal frequency and speed. Speed recovery is the %-change during cyan- versus red-labeled intervals relative to basal levels (black bar). Mean fraction quiescent or head-waving during red-labeled intervals. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s correction was used to compare all conditions against each other (^∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001, ^∗∗∗p = 0.0009, ^∗∗p = 0.0019; ns, p > 0.05).

(E and F) Population means (±SEM) of fraction starved WT worms in quiescent (purple) or head-waving (yellow) state during longer recordings. O₂ concentration as indicated. n indicates number of experiments (∼50 animals each). (F) Same as (E) but using different O₂ stimulation, as indicated.

(G) State transition rates calculated from (E) and (F). Arrow thickness show mean outbound transition rates according to legend in dashed box. Diameter of circles: mean state probability. Conditions were compared as indicated below panels using multiple t tests with Holm-Sidak correction (^∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001, ^∗∗p ≤ 0.01, ^∗p ≤ 0.05; ns, p > 0.05).

See also Figures S1 and S2 and Movie S1.