Table 1.
Patient characteristics
| Included patients n = 248 | Not included patients n = 40 | PAM 1 n = 56 | PAM 2 n = 43 | PAM 3 n = 104 | PAM 4 n = 45 | Significance level included patients versus not included patients | Significance level PAM groups | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean [SD] agea | 70 [9] | 73 [10] | 70 [9] | 70 [9] | 68 [9] | 72 [9] | .043 | .206 |
| Sexb | .183 | .067 | ||||||
| - Men | 85% | 77% | 75% | 84% | 89% | 91% | ||
| - Women | 15% | 23% | 25% | 16% | 11% | 9% | ||
| Having childrenc,d | .526 | .982 | ||||||
| - No | 15% | 11% | 16% | 16% | 15% | 14% | ||
| - Yes | 85% | 89% | 84% | 84% | 85% | 86% | ||
| Living arrangementsc | .920 | .459 | ||||||
| - Living alone | 21% | 22% | 29% | 19% | 19% | 18% | ||
| - Living together (with partner, children, or in an institution) | 79% | 78% | 71% | 81% | 81% | 82% | ||
| Education levele | .784 | .041 | ||||||
| - Elementary | 10% | 8% | 7% | 14% | 12% | 7% | ||
| - Lower | 47% | 55% | 64% | 49% | 43% | 30% | ||
| - Secondary | 25% | 23% | 18% | 26% | 24% | 36% | ||
| - Higher | 18% | 15% | 11% | 12% | 22% | 27% | ||
| Employment status | .164 | .650 | ||||||
| - Employed in paid work | 11% | 13% | 7% | 14% | 11% | 16% | ||
| - Not employed/not able to work | 17% | 5% | 14% | 21% | 18% | 11% | ||
| - Retired | 72% | 83% | 79% | 65% | 71% | 73% | ||
| Smoking statuse | .486 | .750 | ||||||
| - Is not a smoker | 67% | 73% | 66% | 60% | 69% | 70% | ||
| - Current smoker or quitted smoking | 33% | 28% | 34% | 40% | 31% | 30% | ||
| Drinking statuse | .302 | .269 | ||||||
| - Does not drink | 29% | 38% | 39% | 26% | 28% | 23% | ||
| - Drinks or quitted drinking | 71% | 62% | 61% | 74% | 72% | 77% | ||
| Median [range] years since total laryngectomyf | 6 [0–34] | 11 [0–37] | 6 [0–34] | 4 [0–27] | 5 [0–28] | 10 [0–33] | .025 | .094 |
| Received other treatmentsg | .557 | .259 | ||||||
| - No | 19% | 15% | 11% | 23% | 20% | 25% | ||
| - Yes, (chemo)radiation | 81% | 85% | 89% | 77% | 80% | 75% | ||
| Current speech methodd,g | ||||||||
| - Voice prosthesis | 84% | 78% | 87% | 84% | 83% | 84% | .285 | .917 |
| - Injection method | 17% | 25% | 13% | 19% | 18% | 16% | .194 | .830 |
| - Electrolarynx | 5% | 10% | 2% | 7% | 5% | 5% | .242 | NS |
| - Other (e.g., cannot speak) | 2% | 8% | 4% | 2% | 2% | 0% | .089 | NS |
| Median [range] EQ-5D health status (EQ-5D utility score)h | .89 [.07–1.00] | 1.00 [.24–1.00] | .83 [.07–1.00] | .86 [.65–1.00] | .90 [.19–1.00] | 1.00 [.32–1.00] | .297 | .004 |
PAM patient activation measure, SD standard deviation, EQ-5D EuroQol-5 dimensions, NS non-significant
aAge is missing in two patients
bSex is missing in four patients
cHaving children and living situation are missing in seven patients
dMultiple answers possible
eEducation level, smoking status, and drinking status are missing in three patients
fTime since total laryngectomy is missing in 14 patients
gInformation on other received treatments and current speech method is missing in six patients
hEQ-5D health status is missing in nine patients