Table 1.
Socio-demographics characteristics of participants
| Variable (N= 192) | Number (%) |
|---|---|
| Parity | |
| Primigravidae | 132 (68.8) |
| Secundigravidae | 60 (31.2) |
| Maternal H. pylori infection status | |
| H. pylori positive | 110 (57.3) |
| H. pylori negative | 82 (42.7) |
| Occupation | |
| House wife | 144 (75) |
| Peasant | 1 (0.5) |
| Employee | 38 (19.8) |
| Student | 9 (2.7) |
| Smoking | |
| Yes | 2 (1.0) |
| No | 190 (99.0) |
| Alcohol | |
| Yes | 10 (5.2) |
| No | 182 (94.8) |
| Marital status | |
| Married | 168 (87.5) |
| Widowed | 2 (1.0) |
| Divorced/Separated | 3 (1.6) |
| Single | 19 (9.9) |
| Water source | |
| Tap/Borehole | 162 (84.4) |
| Protected well | 28 (14.6) |
| Tank (Harvested rain water) | 1 (0.5) |
| Unprotected well | 1 (0.5) |
| Building type | |
| Permanent | 190 (99.0) |
| Temporary | 2 (1.0) |
| Household monthly income ($) | |
| Low income (<100) | 94 (49.0) |
| Medium income (101-250) | 87 (45.3) |
| High income (> 250) | 11 (5.7) |
| Education level | |
| Low (No education to primary 7) | 42 (21.9) |
| Medium (Secondary level) | 124 (64.6) |
| High (tertiary education) | 26 (13.5) |
| Maternal pre-pregnancy (BMI kg/m2) | |
| Underweight (<18.5) | 28 (14.6) |
| Normal weight (18.5-24.9) | 143 (74.5) |
| Overweight (25.0-29.9) | 21 (10.9) |