Table 2.
Characteristics of participants of the Rotterdam Study (N = 5435) per tertile of adherence to the “Traditional”, “Processed “or “Health conscious” dietary pattern
| “Traditional” pattern | “Processed” pattern | “Health conscious” pattern | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st tertile | 2nd tertile | 3rd tertile | 1st tertile | 2nd tertile | 3rd tertile | 1st tertile | 2nd tertile | 3rd tertile | |
| Age (years)a | 67 (61–74) | 67 (62–74) | 66 (61–72) | 68 (62–74) | 68 (62–74) | 66 (61–72) | 68 (63–75) | 66 (61–73) | 67 (61–72) |
| Total energy intake (kcal/d)a | 1684 (1453–1987) | 1877 (1616–2161) | 2210 (1922–2538) | 1886 (1602–2233) | 1861 (1581, 2191) | 2027 (1687, 2351) | 1929 (1616–2262) | 1887 (1599–2208) | 1955 (1634–2304) |
| Physical activity (h/day)a | 5.9 (4.3–7.9) | 5.6 (4.0–7.4) | 5.9 (4.4–8.0) | 6.0 (4.3, 8.0) | 5.7 (4.0, 7.4) | 5.7 (4.2, 7.8) | 5.6 (3.9–7.6) | 6.0 (4.3–7.8) | 5.9 (4.4–7.9) |
| Of which vigorous (h/week)a | 3.3 (1.3–6.5) | 3.1 (1.0–6.7) | 3.5 (1.0–7.0) | 3.2 (1.5–7.3) | 3.3 (1.0, 6.5) | 3.5 (1.0–7.0) | 3.0 (1.0–6.3) | 3.5 (1.3–7.0) | 3.6 (1.5–7.2) |
| Dutch healthy diet indexa,b | 52 (45–59) | 49 (43, 56) | 44 (38–51) | 53(46–59) | 49 (42–55) | 44 (37, 50) | 44 (37–51) | 49(42–56) | 52 (45–58) |
| Calcium intake (mg/day)a | 1090 (869, 1331) | 1075 (863, 1304) | 1066 (857, 1331) | 1208 (997, 1475) | 1053 (858, 1286) | 968 (758, 1203) | 1017 (814–1260) | 1077 (870–1319) | 1141 (899–1390) |
| 25 (OH) D3 (nmol/l)a,c | 41 (27–57) | 46 (30–65) | 47 (31–69) | 43 (28–62) | 43 (29, 62) | 48 (32, 69) | 41(26–60) | 46(30–64) | 47 (32–68) |
| BMD at 1st visit (mg/cm2)a,f | 0.84 (0.75, 0.94) | 0.85 (0.77, 0.94) | 0.89 (0.79, 0.99) | 0.85 (0.76–0.94) | 0.86 (0.77–0.95) | 0.88 (0.78–0.97) | 0.85 (0.76–0.94) | 0.86 (0.77–0.96) | 0.88 (0.78–0.97) |
| BMD at 2nd visit (mg/cm2)a,f | 0.84 (0.74, 0.94) | 0.85 (0.76, 0.95) | 0.89 (0.79, 0.98) | 0.85 (0.75–0.95) | 0.85 (0.76–0.95) | 0.88 (0.78–0.98) | 0.85 (0.74–0.94) | 0.86 (0.76–0.96) | 0.88 (0.78–0.97) |
| BMD at 3rd visit (mg/cm2)a,f | 0.84 (0.74, 0.93) | 0.86 (0.76, 0.96) | 0.89 (0.79, 0.99) | 0.85 (0.75–0.95) | 0.85 (0.76–0.95) | 0.88 (0.78–0.98) | 0.84 (0.74–0.95) | 0.86 (0.77–0.96) | 0.88 (0.79–0.97) |
| BMD at 4th visit (mg/cm2)a,f | 0.84 (0.74, 0.92) | 0.85 (0.76, 0.94) | 0.88 (0.78, 0.98) | 0.84 (0.75–0.94) | 0.85 (0.76–0.94) | 0.86 (0.76–0.93) | 0.83 (0.74–0.92) | 0.85 (0.76–0.95) | 0.87 (0.77–0.96) |
| Body weight at 1st visit (kg)a | 70 (63, 78) | 73 (66, 80) | 76 (69, 84) | 72 (65–81) | 73 (65–81) | 75 (67–83) | 72 (65–80) | 72 (65–80) | 74 (67–83) |
| Body weight at 2nd visit (kg)a | 70 (63, 78) | 74 (66, 81) | 77 (69, 85) | 72 (65–81) | 73 (64–80) | 76 (68–83) | 72 (65–80) | 73 (65–81) | 75 (68–83) |
| Body weight at 3rd visit (kg)a | 71 (62, 79) | 74 (66, 81) | 77 (69, 85) | 73 (65–83) | 73 (65–81) | 77 (68–84) | 73 (64–80) | 73 (65–81) | 75 (68–83) |
| Body weight at 4th visit (kg)a | 72 (63, 81) | 75 (67, 83) | 78 (70, 87) | 73 (65–82) | 4 (66–83) | 77 (68–86) | 74 (65–82) | 74 (66–83) | 76 (69–85) |
| Baseline body height (cm)a | 164 (159, 171) | 166 (160, 173) | 171 (164, 177) | 164 (160–171) | 166 (160–173) | 171 (164–177) | 167 (160–174) | 166 (161–173) | 167 (161–174) |
| Sex (% males) | 26 | 38 | 59 | 24 | 36 | 62 | 58 | 61 | 58 |
| Body weight change (% loss/gain)d | 15/36 | 17/34 | 18/29 | 17/35 | 17/32 | 16/31 | 19/29 | 16/33 | 15/35 |
| Prevalent osteoporosis (%) | 14 | 12 | 8 | 11 | 13 | 10 | 14 | 11 | 9 |
| Prevalent type 2 diabetes (%) | 9 | 9 | 11 | 9 | 9 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 10 |
| Prevalent CVD (%) | 12 | 13 | 13 | 11 | 14 | 12 | 13 | 12 | 12 |
| High education (%) | 36 | 36 | 38 | 32 | 35 | 44 | 33 | 37 | 40 |
| High income (% >1600 euro/mo) | 47 | 51 | 54 | 48 | 48 | 56 | 46 | 51 | 55 |
| Current smokers (%) | 19 | 20 | 28 | 14 | 22 | 34 | 24 | 22 | 23 |
| Current or past HRT use (%)e | 9 | 10 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 11 |
| Lipid lowering drug use (%) | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 |
| Antihypertensive drug use (%) | 12 | 13 | 13 | 12 | 14 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 13 |
| Lower limb disabled (%) | 20 | 18 | 15 | 20 | 19 | 15 | 20 | 16 | 17 |
CVD cardiovascular disease, HRT Hormone replacement therapy
aMedian (interquartile range)
bThe Dutch Healthy Diet Index reflects adherence to the Dutch guidelines for a healthy diet and included information on intake of vegetables, fruit, fibre, fish, saturated fatty acids, trans fatty acids, acidic drinks and foods, sodium and alcohol (van der Lee 2012)
cMeasured at the 3rd visit
dWeight loss or gain is defined as >5 % reduction or increase in body weight
eFemales only
fSample sizes of BMD were N = 4870 for visit 1, n = 3682 for visit 2, n = 2561 for visit 3 and n = 2305 for visit 4