Table 2. Patient Characteristics Associated With Undiagnosed AMD in Primary Care and Whether the Physician Was an Ophthalmologist or Optometrista .
| Characteristic | AMD (N = 1288 Eyes) | |
|---|---|---|
| Not Present and Not Diagnosed (n = 968) |
Present But Not Diagnosed (n = 320) |
|
| Age, mean (SD), y | 69 (5.7) | 71 (6.9) |
| Visual acuity, mean (SD), logMAR [Snellen] | 0.04 (0.07) [20/25] | 0.04 (0.07) [20/25] |
| Visual acuity, logMAR (Snellen) | ||
| >0.0 (>20/20) | 272 (29.3) | 111 (36.2) |
| ≤0.0 (≤20/20) | 656 (70.7) | 196 (63.8) |
| Sex | ||
| Male | 327 (33.8) | 135 (42.2) |
| Female | 641 (66.2) | 185 (57.8) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||
| White, non-Hispanic | 915 (94.5) | 307 (95.9) |
| Other | 53 (5.5) | 13 (4.1) |
| General cognitive status | ||
| ≥24 (Nonimpaired) | 944 (97.5) | 316 (98.8) |
| <24 (Impaired) | 24 (2.5) | 4 (1.3) |
| Education level | ||
| Less than high school | 18 (1.9) | 14 (4.4) |
| High school or equivalent | 168 (17.4) | 70 (21.9) |
| Some college or more | 782 (80.8) | 236 (73.8) |
| Medical conditions | ||
| Hypertension | 479 (49.8) | 185 (57.8) |
| Heart problems | 294 (30.6) | 116 (36.3) |
| Circulation problems | 104 (10.8) | 38 (11.9) |
| CARMS severity | ||
| 1 (Normal) | 968 (100.0) | NA |
| 2 (Early AMD) | NA | 220 (68.8) |
| 3 (Intermediate AMD) | NA | 99 (30.9) |
| 4 (Geographic atrophy) | NA | 1 (0.3) |
| 5 (Choroidal neovascularization) | NA | 0 (0.0) |
| Smoking status | ||
| Current | 46 (4.8) | 14 (4.4) |
| Former | 393 (40.7) | 139 (43.4) |
| Never | 527 (54.6) | 167 (52.2) |
| AREDS nutritional supplement use | ||
| Yes | 21 (2.2) | 7 (2.2) |
| No | 947 (97.8) | 313 (97.8) |
| Pseudophakia | 187 (33.3) | 78 (41.1) |
| Family history of AMD | 70 (7.2) | 30 (9.4) |
| Time since primary care eye examination, mo | ||
| <6 | 281 (29.8) | 85 (27.6) |
| 6-12 | 385 (40.9) | 139 (45.1) |
| >12 | 276 (29.3) | 84 (27.3) |
| Primary eye care physician type | ||
| Ophthalmologist | 360 (37.9) | 118 (37.9) |
| Optometrist | 591 (62.2) | 193 (62.1) |
Abbreviations: AMD, age-related macular degeneration; AREDS, Age-Related Eye Disease Study; CARMS, Clinical Age-Related Maculopathy Staging; NA, not applicable.
a
Data are presented as number (percentage) of eyes unless otherwise indicated.