TABLE 1.
Demographics of Sample (N = 7028): Distribution of Demographic Characteristics and Bivariate Associations With Weight Status in Children Aged 2 to 5 Years, NHANES 1999–2014
| Meana (SE) | NW (<85th Percentile), n = 5291 (76.5%) | OW (85th Percentile–94.9th Percentile), n = 918 (13.0%) | Obesity (≥95th Percentile–1.2 × 95th Percentile), n = 662 (8.4%) | SO (≥1.2 × 95th Percentile), n = 157 (2.1%) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SE) | Coefficientb (95% CI) | Mean (SE) | Coefficient (95% CI) | Mean (SE) | Coefficient (95% CI) | Mean (SE) | Coefficient (95% CI) | ||
| Age | |||||||||
| Child (mo) | 47.7 (0.2) | 47.3 (0.2)c | Ref | 47.5 (0.6) | 0.16 (−1.0 to 1.3) | 49.6 (0.7) | 2.2* (0.7 to 3.8) | 56.5 (1.3) | 9.2* (6.6 to 11) |
| Mother (y) | 27.5 (0.1) | 27.6 (0.1) | Ref | 27.3 (0.3) | −0.3 (−0.9 to 0.2) | 27.0 (0.3) | −0.6* (−1.3 to 0.0) | 26.6 (0.6) | −1.0 (−2.6 to 0.3) |
| n (%)a | n (%) | OR (95% CI)c | n (%) | OR (95% CI) | n (%) | OR (95% CI) | n (%) | OR (95% CI) | |
| Sex (child) | |||||||||
| Female | 3456 (49.6) | 2637 (50.2) | Ref | 426 (46.8) | Ref | 327 (47.8) | Ref | 66 (48.1) | Ref |
| Male | 3572 (50.4) | 2654 (49.8) | Ref | 492 (53.2) | 1.1 (0.9 to 1.4) | 335 (52.2) | 1.1 (0.9 to 1.3) | 91 (51.9) | 1.1 (0.7 to 1.6) |
| Race and/or ethnicity (child) | |||||||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 2045 (54.6) | 1604 (56.3) | Ref | 264 (54.2) | Ref | 146 (43.6) | Ref | 31 (42.3) | Ref |
| Hispanic | 2522 (23.0) | 1782 (21.0) | Ref | 361 (25.8) | 1.3* (1.0 to 1.6) | 304 (33.1) | 2.0* (1.6 to 2.6) | 75 (36.1) | 2.3* (1.4 to 3.7) |
| Non-Hispanic African American | 1843 (14.4) | 1401 (14.2) | Ref | 224 (13.4) | 1.0 (0.8 to 1.2) | 174 (16.4) | 1.5* (1.2 to 1.9) | 44 (18.5) | 1.7* (1.0 to 3.0) |
| Other or mixed | 618 (8.0) | 504 (8.5) | Ref | 69 (6.6) | 0.8 (0.6 to 1.2) | 38 (6.9) | 1.0 (0.7 to 1.7) | 7 (3.1) | 0.5 (0.2 to 1.2) |
| Household income, % FPL | |||||||||
| ≥300 | 1360 (31.8) | 1109 (33.6) | Ref | 145 (27.3) | Ref | 90 (24.9) | Ref | 16 (20.0) | Ref |
| 200–299 | 819 (14.8) | 623 (14.8) | Ref | 104 (15.0) | 1.2 (0.9 to 1.7) | 76 (14.6) | 1.3* (1.2 to 2.2) | 16 (14.6) | 1.7 (0.6 to 4.1) |
| 100–199 | 1810 (25.6) | 1330 (24.6) | Ref | 252 (28.6) | 1.4* (1.1 to 1.9) | 181 (28.3) | 1.5* (1.0 to 2.2) | 47 (31.8) | 2.2* (1.0 to 4.4) |
| <100 | 2521 (27.8) | 1850 (27.0) | Ref | 340 (29.1) | 1.3* (1.0 to 1.7) | 267 (32.2) | 1.6* (1.2 to 2.2) | 64 (33.6) | 2.1* (1.1 to 4.0) |
| Education (respondent) | |||||||||
| Any college | 3014 (54.9) | 2383 (57.5) | Ref | 349 (48.1) | Ref | 239 (47.0) | Ref | 43 (35.8) | Ref |
| Less than HS or GED | 3778 (45.1) | 2735 (42.5) | Ref | 544 (51.9) | 1.5* (1.2 to 1.8) | 392 (53.0) | 1.5* (1.2 to 1.9) | 107 (64.2) | 2.4* (1.5 to 3.9) |
| Marital status (respondent) | |||||||||
| Married | 4633 (78.8) | 3533 (79.7) | Ref | 594 (77.8) | Ref | 421 (75.0) | Ref | 85 (66.4) | Ref |
| Single | 1932 (21.2) | 1401 (20.3) | Ref | 269 (22.3) | 1.2 (0.9 to 1.4) | 202 (25.0) | 1.4* (1.1 to 1.7) | 60 (33.7) | 2.0* (1.3 to 3.0) |
GED, general education diploma; HS, high school; Ref, reference.
a
All N’s and n’s listed are unweighted (raw), all means and proportions are survey-weighted.
b
Coefficients from unadjusted linear regression.
c
ORs from unadjusted multinomial logistic regression.
*
P < .05.