Table 1.

Summary of some of the main challenges facing Wikipedia and example measures to address them

Challenge	Proposed solution(s)
Content accuracy, readability and language bias23 45 60 Highly variable article quality Much important information only available to English-language speakers	Greater participation of experts—edits beget edits48 Content addition through external partnerships Automated language complexity information Tools to recommend articles for translation60
Editor numbers, demographic bias and expertise46 56 Size of the community insufficient to support sufficiently diverse expertise Over-representation of male, white editors from high-income countries Tracking and reward for contribution still underdeveloped	Target diverse editor recruitment Support interface and cultural changes that reduce disadvantage for under-represented groups46 Develop more sophisticated ways to summarise a contributor’s impact56
Bureaucracy and policy complexity47 Wikipedia’s norms and policies can be different from those that medical and research professionals are used to, and their descriptions are overly complex.	Simplify and consolidate rules, particularly for new contributors Promote compatible collaboration models with external partners