Table 1.
Biopesticide products and genetically modified (GM) crops utilizing Pseudomonas spp. (Only naturally occurring strains of Pseudomonas spp. are reported) or a related species as the donor source
| Species (strain) | Date first approveda | Product names | Use in agriculture |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pseudomonas syringae strains ESC-10 and ESC-11 | 1990 and 1996 (US-EPA) | Bio-Save® 10 LP and Bio-Save® 11 LP | Biopesticide—post-harvest fungicide to prevent contamination of stored fruits and potato (US-EPA 1999b, 2001a, 2009b) |
| Pseudomonas fluorescens strain A506 | 1992 (US-EPA) | FrostBan™ | Biopesticide—provides protection from frost and suppresses bacterial pathogens (US-EPA 1992b) |
| Pseudomonas aureofaciens strain Tx-1 | 1999 (US-EPA) | Bio-Ject® Spot-Less™ | Biopesticide—foliar treatment for fungal pathogens on golf course turf (US-EPA 1999a, 2000) |
| Pseudomonas chlororaphis strain 63-28 | 2001(US-EPA) | AtEze™ | Biopesticide—protection against fungal pathogens in greenhouse ornamentals and vegetables (US-EPA 2001b, 2001d) |
| Pseudomonas sp. strain DSMZ 13134; closely related to P. fluorescens) | 2012 (EFSA) | Proradix® | Biopesticide—protection against fungal diseases in vegetables and flowers (Buddrus-Schiemann et al. 2010; EFSA 2012) |
| Pseudomonas fluorescens strain D7 | 2014 (EPA) | D7® | Biopesticide—suppression of certain invasive grass species (US-EPA 2014) |
| Pseudomonas chlororaphis strain MA 342 | 2016 (EFSA) | Cedomon® and Cerall® | Biopesticide—protection against fungal pathogens on cereals (EFSA 2017) |
| Pseudomonas chlororaphis strain AFS009 | 2017 (EPA) | Howler™, Howler™ Technical, and Howler™ T&O | Biopesticide—fungicide for turf and ornamental plants (AgBiome 2017; US-EPA 2017a) |
| Pseudomonas chlororaphis strain G65 | 1995 (USDA) | Event 8338 tomatoes; OECD Unique Identifier CGN-89322-3 | Gene donor for GM crop—Accd gene encodes the 1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase (ACCd) enzyme which reduces ethylene production and delays ripening (USDA-APHIS 1995). |
| Pseudomonas fluorescens strain A32 | 2013 (USDA) | Soybean event FG72; OECD Unique Identifier MST-FGØ72-2 | Gene donor for GM crop—Source of recombinant DNA for GM crop; confers tolerance to isoxaflutole (IFT) herbicides when expressed in plants (USDA-APHIS 2013) |
| Delftia acidovorans (formerly classified as Pseudomonas acidovorans) | 2014 (USDA) | OECD Unique Identifier DAS-68416-4 | Gene donor for GM crop—Source of recombinant DNA for GM crop—confers tolerance to aryloxyalkanoate herbicides when expressed in plants (USDA-APHIS 2014b) |
| 2014 (USDA) | OECD Unique Identifier DAS-44406-6 | Gene donor for GM crop—Source of recombinant DNA for GM crop—confers tolerance to aryloxyalkanoate herbicides when expressed in plants (USDA-APHIS 2014a) | |
| 2015 (USDA) | OECD Unique Identifiers DAS-81910-7 | Gene donor for GM crop—Source of recombinant DNA for GM crop—confers tolerance to aryloxyalkanoate herbicides when expressed in plants (USDA-APHIS 2015) |