Table 1.

Sample Description: Characteristics by Social Isolation Status, Among Medicare Beneficiaries in the Health and Retirement Study 2006 to 2010

Characteristic	Overall	Lonely Status		Objective Isolation Status
		Lonely	Not Lonely	Isolated	Not Isolated	Well-connected
Basic Demographics
Age (years)
65 – 69	31.1%	29.2%***	33.5%***	31.4%*	32.0%*	27.2%*
70 – 74	25.2%	24.9%	25.6%	22.7%	25.3%	27.2%
75 – 79	19.5%	19.1%	19.9%	20.2%	19.2%	20.2%
80 – 84	13.6%	14.6%*	12.4%*	13.5%	13.3%	14.9%
85 +	10.6%	12.2%***	8.57%***	12.3%	10.3%	10.5%
Male	42.8%	40%***	46.2%***	56.1%***	41.1%***	38.7%***
Married	62.1%	52.3%	74.2%	63.1%	62.0%	61.7%
Health and Functional Status
Comorbid Conditions
High Blood Pressure	64.5%	66.2%**	62.4%**	63.1%	65.6%	61.0%
Diabetes	20.9%	22.3%**	19.2%**	21.5%	21.1%	19.4%
Lung Disease	12.1%	13.4%***	10.5%***	14.8%**	11.9%**	10.8%**
Heart Attack/Heart	32.5%	34.9%***	29.6%***	35.2%	31.7%	33.5%
Disease
Cancer	19.3%	19.7%	18.7%	20.9%	18.9%	19.7%
Stroke	10.1%	11.6%***	8.31%***	13.4%**	9.92%**	8.32%**
Arthritis	69.5%	71.9%***	66.6%***	69.6%	69.0%	71.6%
Depression Score (CES-D, range 0–8)	1.27	1.73***	0.69***	1.71***	1.24***	1.05***
Number ADLs Impaired (range 0–5)	0.29	0.38***	0.18***	0.39***	0.28***	0.24***
Ever Smoker	57.2%	57.9%	56.4%	63.7%***	57.7%***	49.9%***
Current Alcohol Use	48.1%	45.2%***	51.7%***	49.4%	48.7%	44.6%
N (person observations)	5,270	2912	2358	724	3681	865

NOTE: Reported are un-weighted percentages (%) or means. HRS = Health and Retirement Study. Married = married or partnered. CES-D = Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale; ADL = Activities of daily living.

p-values:

^*p <0.05,

^**p <0.01,

^***p<0.001.

Chi-square (categorical) or ANOVA (continuous variables)