Table 1.
Individual and Practice Characteristics of Primary Care Pediatricians and Family Physicians who Provide Care to Children Covered by Medicaid and CHIP in North Carolina, Ohio, and Pennsylvania, 2014
| Full Sample (n=727) | Pennsylvania (exposed) (n=55) a |
Pennsylvania (unexposed) (n=187) |
North Carolina (n=242) b |
Ohio (n=243) c | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age in years, weighted mean (SD) | 50.6 (10.5) | 49.7 (8.9) | 52.3 (11.6) | 48.7 (9.6) | 51.3 (10.6) |
| Years since medical school graduation, weighted mean (SD) | 23.5 (10.9) | 23.6 (10.1) | 25.6 (11.8) | 21.2 (9.9) | 24.0 (10.8) |
| Specialty, weighted % (95% CI) | |||||
| Pediatricsd | 41.9 (38.8–45.0) | 72.0 (62.5–81.4) | 33.5 (28.1–39.0) | 45.2 (39.9–50.6) | 42.8 (37.5–48.0) |
| Family medicinee | 58.1 (55.0–61.2) | 28.0 (18.6–37.5) | 66.5 (61.0–71.9) | 54.8 (49.4–60.1) | 57.2 (52.0–62.5) |
| Employment, weighted % (95% CI) | |||||
| Owner | 36.7 (33.6–39.9) | 8.9 (1.7–16.0) | 36.6 (30.4–42.8) | 39.6 (34.2–44.9) | 39.1 (33.8–44.5) |
| Employee | 62.9 (59.8–66.1) | 91.1 (84.0–98.3) | 63.4 (57.2–69.6) | 60.0 (54.7–65.4) | 60.2 (54.8–65.6) |
| Contractor | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1 |
| Practice characteristics | |||||
| Number of physicians in practice, median (IQR) | 4 (2–6) | 5 (3–8) | 3 (2–5) | 4 (2–6) | 3 (2–6) |
| Any nurse practitioners, weighted % (95% CI) | 47.8 (44.0–51.7) | 64.6 (51.0–78.1) | 46.4 (38.7–54.1) | 50.8 (44.3–57.3) | 44.4 (37.9–50.8) |
| Any physician assistants, weighted % (95% CI) | 29.7 (26.2–33.3) | 37.9 (24.4–51.4) | 30.8 (23.5–38.1) | 47.6 (41.1–54.1) | 13.5 (9.0–18.0) |
| Practice ownership, weighted % (95% CI) | |||||
| Physician or physician group | 47.5 (44.3–50.8) | 11.6 (3.5–19.8) | 51.0 (44.5–57.5) | 48.3 (42.9–53.7) | 49.3 (43.8–54.7) |
| Academic health system | 12.2 (10.1–14.3) | 38.8 (27.3–50.3) | 11.4 (7.3–15.5) | 10.8 (7.5–14.1) | 9.7 (6.6–12.9) |
| Other health system | 31.8 (28.8–34.9) | 47.0 (35.2–58.7) | 29.0 (23.0–35.0) | 31.5 (26.5–36.5) | 32.5 (27.4–37.6) |
| Otherf | 8.5 (6.7–10.3) | 2.6 (0.0–5.8) | 8.6 (5.0–12.2) | 9.4 (6.2–12.6) | 8.5 (5.5–11.5) |
| Physician estimates of patient insurance for all ages, weighted % (95% CI) | |||||
| Medicaid/CHIP | 31.0 (29.5–32.5) | 41.6 (35.8–47.3) | 30.6 (27.8–33.4) | 31.7 (29.0–34.3) | 29.1 (26.5–31.8) |
| Medicare | 15.2 (14.1–16.3) | 7.8 (4.7–10.9) | 17.0 (14.8–19.2) | 15.6 (13.6–17.5) | 14.3 (12.7–16.0) |
| Private | 43.5 (41.9–45.1) | 43.8 (37.9–49.6) | 42.7 (39.7–45.8) | 41.1 (38.4–43.9) | 46.2 (43.4–48.9) |
| Uninsured | 6.3 (5.8–6.8) | 3.3 (2.6–3.9) | 5.6 (4.8–6.4) | 7.7 (6.7–8.7) | 6.3 (5.3–7.2) |
| Other | 3.8 (3.1–4.4) | 2.0 (1.1–2.9) | 4.0 (2.7–5.4) | 3.4 (2.4–4.4) | 4.1 (3.0–5.2) |
| Medical home recognition, weighted % (95% CI) | 45.0 (41.7–48.2) | 54.0 (42.0–66.0) | 43.9 (37.4–50.4) | 52.4 (47.0–57.9) | 38.8 (33.5–44.1) |
| Electronic health record, weighted % (95% CI) | 89.6 (87.6–91.6) | 100.0 (100.0–100.0) | 87.6 (83.5–91.7) | 94.9 (92.5–97.3) | 85.7 (82.0–89.4) |
Includes respondents practicing in health systems participating in the CHIPRA Quality Demonstration Grant Program intervention in Pennsylvania
Includes all respondents in North Carolina, where CHIPRA Quality Demonstration Grant Program reporting efforts were targeted statewide
Includes all respondents in Ohio, a comparison state that did not participate in the CHIPRA Quality Demonstration Grant Program or have an identified statewide quality reporting effort focused on children
Includes internal medicine-pediatrics
Includes general practice
Includes community health centers and health maintenance organizations