Table 1.
General Characteristics of the Included Studies
| Study, Year | Country | Design | Patients Screened, No. | Patients Undergoing Biopsy, No. | Age Range, y | Indication(s) for Biopsy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Al-Azab et al,16 2007 | Canada | Retrospective chart review | 1,796 | 1,796 | 40–93 | Elevated age-specific PSA level or abnormal DRE findings |
| Brett,17 1998 | Australia | Prospective cohort study | 211 | 11 | 50–79 | Abnormal DRE findings or PSA level ≥4.1 ng/mL |
| Crawford et al,18 1999 | United States | Retrospective chart review | 142,111 | 4,160 | 40–79 | Abnormal DRE findings or PSA level ≥4 ng/mL |
| Elliott et al,19 2008 | United States | Retrospective review of prospectively collected data | 1,564 | 1,564 | N/A | Abnormal DRE findings and/or PSA level ≥4 ng/mL |
| Faria et al,20 2012 | Brazil | Prospective cohort study | 17,571 | 1,647 | 45–98 | Abnormal DRE findings and/or PSA level ≥4 ng/mL; and starting Nov 2004, PSA 2.5–3.9 ng/mL and % free PSA level ≤15 |
| Kirby et al,21 1994 | United Kingdom | Prospective cohort study | 568 | 29 | 55–70 | Abnormal DRE findings or PSA level >4 ng/mL |
| Pederson et al,22 1990 | Sweden | Prospective cohort study | 1,163 | 34 | 50–69 | Abnormal DRE findings |
DRE=digital rectal examination; N/A=not available; PSA=prostate-specific antigen.