Figure 3. Norleual sensitizes pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine.

Concurrent treatment of pancreatic cancer cells with gemcitabine (Gem) and Norleual decreased cell survival. (a) Survival assays conducted in the absence of exogenous growth factor. Norleual alone (0.1 nM) inhibited survival compared to control and Norleual with gemcitabine (50 nM) decreased survival compared to gemcitabine alone. (n=16). (b) Pancreatic cancer cells were treated with various concentrations of Gem alone or Gem + Norleual (0.1 nM) for 48 hours. Norleual sensitized BxPC-3 cells to lower concentrations of gemcitabine. (c) The murine pancreatic cancer cell line LM-P was treated with increasing doses of gemcitabine or gemcitabine plus Norleual (1 nM) for 72 hours. Norleual increased the cytotoxicity of gemcitabine at several concentrations. (* P < 0.05, *** P < 0.001).