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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Mar 28.
Published in final edited form as: J Control Release. 2018 Jan 31;274:24–34. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.01.028

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Mechanism of PD-1 and PDL-1 pathway in tumor environment and the complex crosstalk between cancer, tumor, T-cell, APC and macrophage and tumor stroma. The image was modified and reproduced from [16]. ECM: extracellular matrix, HGF: Hepatocyte growth factor, Ag: antigen.