. 2018 Mar 12;8:4382. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-22380-z

Table 2.

Seasonal dynamics of soil chemical composition and root biomass in a lowland evergreen rain forest in central Amazonia. Time 1 (rainy season); Time 2 (transition into dry season); Time 3 (dry season). Values are averaged data (n = 15 for all except mineral N and root biomass with n = 20) followed by standard error. Letters in superscript indicate statistically significant differences between sampling times as determined by paired t-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

	Time 1	Time 2	Time 3
pH	3.75 ± 0.06^a	3.87 ± 0.05^b	4.27 ± 0.06^c
NH₄⁺ (μg g⁻¹)	26.6 ± 1.6^a	17.1 ± 1.2^b	51.8 ± 1.2^c
NO₃⁻ (μg g⁻¹)	2.98 ± 0.3^a	1.93 ± 0.2^b	5.07 ± 0.7^c
PO₄³⁻ (μg g⁻¹)	11.21 ± 0.38	10.86 ± 0.43	10.46 ± 0.4
K⁺ (mmolc kg⁻¹)	1.36 ± 0.07^a	1.39 ± 0.09^a	1.58 ± 0.11^b
Ca²⁺ (mmolc kg⁻¹)	4.31 ± 0.96	3.92 ± 0.79	3.71 ± 0.7
Mg²⁺ (mmolc kg⁻¹)	1.72 ± 0.16	1.93 ± 0.19	1.68 ± 0.09
H + Al²⁺ (mmolc kg⁻¹)	205.4 ± 15.4^a	193.5 ± 14.9^a	155.9 ± 12.2^b
Organic matter (%)	7.52 ± 0.49	7.68 ± 0.45	7.12 ± 0.38
CEC (mmolc kg⁻¹)	213.7 ± 15.8^a	200.8 ± 15.1^a	162.8 ± 12.3^b
Fine roots (Mg ha⁻¹)	7.03 ± 0.73^a	4.5 ± 0.34^b	4.56 ± 0.27^b
Coarse roots (Mg ha⁻¹)	2.75 ± 1.27^a	3.29 ± 1.4^a	6.52 ± 1.77^b