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. 2018 Mar 12;8:4347. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-22725-8

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Cactus species distribution. Richness maps generated using cactus distribution maps from the Global Cactus Assessment²⁵ in R⁶³ using the ‘raster’ package⁶⁴. Final layout made in ArcGis⁶⁹. Maps are presented under a Behrmann equal-area projection. (a) cactus species richness distribution. Note that Rhipsalis baccifera is the only species occurring in Africa and Sri Lanka, however, the occurrence of a single species in the Americas does not correspond only to Rhipsalis baccifera, but to areas where only one cactus species occurs (b) threatened cactus species richness distribution.