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. 2018 Mar 12;8:4341. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-22809-5

Figure 3.

Figure 3

The total root length (a,d), total lateral root length (b,e) and total nodal root length (c,f) below the hardpan layer in IR64 and its INL, YTH304, under different water treatments in Exp. 1 (ac) and under different water and hardpan BD treatments in Exp. 2 (df). The bulk density of the shallow soil layer was 1.25 g cm−3 while that of the hardpan layer was 1.50 g cm−3 in Exp. 1 and either 1.50 or 1.70 g cm−3 in Exp. 2. WW, well-watered and SMF, soil moisture fluctuation treatments. Error bars represent the standard deviations calculated from 3 replicates. *Indicates significant difference between the two genotypes at P < 0.05, by Student’s t-test.