Table 4.

Results of regression analyses: student engagement

Variable	Step 1			Step 2
	B	SE(B)	β	B	SE(B)	β
Gender	0.17	0.06	0.18**	0.17	0.06	0.18**
Year in program	–0.06	0.03	–0.14*	–0.08	0.03	–0.18**
Autonomy	0.10	0.05	0.15*	0.09	0.05	0.14*
Competence	0.30	0.05	0.41**	0.26	0.06	0.35**
Relatedness	0.02	0.03	0.04	–0.00	0.03	–0.00
Self-compassion				0.09	0.05	0.13*
Leisure-time exercise				–0.01	0.01	–0.11
Performance approach goals				–0.01	0.03	–0.03
Performance avoidance goals				–0.00	0.04	0.00
Mastery approach goals				0.13	0.05	0.21**
Mastery avoidance goals				0.03	0.05	0.05
	F (5,186)=15.91, R2 adj=0.28, P<0.001			F (11,180)=9.00, R2 adj=0.32, P<0.001

Step 1 includes students’ gender, year in medical school, and the 3 psychological needs; step 2 includes self-compassion, leisure-time exercise, and the 4 achievement goals, while controlling for the variables entered in step 1.

^*P<0.05.

^**P<0.01.