Table 2.

Overview of health-related surveys/databases of youth

	Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey	Panel Study on Korean Children	Korean Youth Panel Survey	Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey	Student Health Examination	Health Examination of Korean Youth Outside of School
Purpose	To investigate health-risk behaviors of Korean youth and to monitor their behaviors to help them build healthy habits	To provide data about the development of Korean children and to contribute to childcare and education policies for their wellbeing	To identify changes in behaviors and perceptions in adolescence, and the causes of these changes by observing the same panels during their growth	To investigate comprehensive aspects of physical and psychological changes in children and youth, and the causes of these changes by observing the same panels during their growth	To analyze student health, including physical development and disease status, and to develop a credible index of student health	To support youths outside of school by monitoring their health status for the prevention and early detection of diseases during their development
Survey period	Since 2005	From 2008 to 2027	From 2004 to 2008 for grade 4 of elementary school	From 2010 to 2016	Since 2006	Since 2016
	Annually	Annually	From 2003 to 2008 for grade 2 of middle school	Annually	Annually	Once every 3 yr (if the status of a subject remains an out-of-school juvenile)
			Annually
Geographic areas	Nationwide, 17 cities and provinces	Nationwide, 6 zones across the country	Nationwide, 12 cities and provinces	Nationwide, 16 cities and provinces	17 cities and provinces across the country	Nationally, 514 designated detection centers
Population sampled	Students in middle and high school	Newborn babies in 2008	Fourth-graders in elementary school and their parents	First-graders and fourth-graders in elementary school and their parents	Students in all grades in elementary, middle, and high schools	Out-of-school juveniles who register and sign up for the health examination and screening program
			Children in the second grade of middle school and their parents	Children in the first grade of middle school and their parents
Sample size range	As of 2016,798 schools 65,528 students	2,150 newborn babies across the country	As of 2004,2,844 people (elementary school grade4 panel)	As of 2010, elementary school grade 1 panel: 2,342 people; elementary school grade 4 panel:	765 schools across the country (2016) 82,883 students (survey and physical development)	As of 2016,6,986 non-institutionalized juveniles outside the school system
			As of 2003,3,449 people (middle school grade 2 panel)	2,378 people; middle school grade 1 panel: 2,351 people	27,671 students (health check-up, grades 1 and 4 of elementary school, grade 1 of middle and high schools)
Representative	Weighted to be representative of the population of Korean youth	Stratified multi-stage sampling	Weighted to be representative of Korean youth of each panel grade, with a lapse in time from the base grade in the first year	Weighted to be representative of Korean children and youth of each panel grade, with a lapse in time from the base grade in the first year	Stratified cluster sampling across 17 cities and provinces	Not representative
Methods	Survey managed by trained teachers	Questionnaire	Repeatedly investigating the survey for the same panels	Repeatedly investigating the survey for the same panels	Physical development	Self-administered questionnaire before health check-up
	Anonymously completion of self-administered questionnaires	Computer-assisted personal interview through a home visit	For youth: group interview in school, individual interview by following up with each person	For youth: group interview in school, individual interview by following up with each person	Survey	Blood, hepatitis testing, tuberculosis testing, and dental condition
		Observation, interview, and testing (in-depth study)	For parents: telephone interview	For parents: telephone interview	Health check-up
Survey contents (topics)	Analysis of behaviors regarding health-related status, attitudes, and perceptions in Korean youth	Characteristics of children, parents, and family	Changes of lifestyle and attitudes toward occupational choice, career planning, deviance and so on, which are developing in youth (longitudinal survey)	Individual developments, including physical and emotional changes and development, environment at home, among peers, and in the community observed in childhood and adolescence (longitudinal survey)	Current status regarding physical development, including body mass index and degree of obesity	Health check-ups suitable for life transitions at a young age
		Characteristics of childcare and education services			Health behaviors such as diet, physical activity, and safety awareness	Current status regarding physical development and basic medical condition
		Characteristics of local community and child care policies			Health status including eyesight, oral, and skin disease	Counseling with a professional if needed
	Korean Children and Adolescents Obesity Cohort Study	Korean Children’s Environmental Health Study	Korea Youth Media Use and Harmful Environment Survey	Comprehensive Survey of Korean Youth	Multicultural Adolescents Panel Study
Purpose	To follow up a pediatric obesity cohort until adolescence and to analyze risk factors for childhood obesity and accompanying metabolic diseases	To provide a basis for developing a list of hazardous environmental factors for each stage of growth and a scientific foundation for the relationship between environment-related diseases and harmful environmental factors	To investigate the harmful factors affecting Korean youth and to identify the status of harmful exposures that may interrupt their healthy growth	To investigate diverse factors related to health, everyday life, and social and cultural experiences of Korean youth	To follow the development of multicultural adolescents, to identify factors associated with changes in their behavior and thinking, and to contribute to reducing the gap between multicultural and non-multicultural adolescents
Survey period	Since 2005 and 2012 (morbid obesity cohort)	Since 2015 (for 22 yr)	Since 1999	Since 2011	From 2010 to 2017
	Annual follow-up		Biennially (even-numbered years)	Once every 3 yr	Annually
Geographic areas	3 regions (Gwacheon city in Gyeonggi province, Jung-gu in the city of Seoul, and the southwestern area of Gyeonggi province)	Through invitations for 5 yr starting in 2015, considering the birth rate in metropolitan cities and provinces across the country	Nationwide, all 18 cities and provinces	Nationwide, all 18 cities and provinces	Nationwide, 16 cities and provinces
Population sampled	Follow-up of first-graders in elementary school since 2005	Pregnant women invited from obstetrics/gynecology clinics and public health centers	Students in school: elementary grades 4-6 and all grades of middle and high school	Samples of caregiver(s) and children aged 9-24 who are living with their caregiver(s) at registered residential address	Multicultural fourth grade adolescents in elementary school and their parents (especially mothers)
			Non-institutionalized juveniles in crisis
Sample size range	4,580 students, including the morbid obesity cohort (2014)	5,000 pregnant women for the core cohort (for 3 yr)	As of 2016,15,646 students (elementary to high school) 1,876 juveniles in crisis (ages, 12-19 yr)	As of 2014, based on 2,000 residential units: 3,000 children aged 9-24:2,000 caregivers living with the sample children	As of 2011,1,625 households by the sampling unit of schools (first) and all multicultural fourth-grade students and their mothers (second) in the selected schools
		65,000 pregnant women for the main cohort (for 4 yr)
Representative	Not representative	Nationwide network of recruiting offices	Weighted to be representative of the population of Korean juveniles	Weighted to be representative of the population of Korean youth living with caregiver(s) in the same residential unit	Weighted to be representative of the population of multicultural adolescents and parents who live in Korea
Methods	Questionnaire	Questionnaire	Survey managed by a trained investigator	Survey managed by a trained interviewer who visits the sample family	Survey investigating the same panel repeatedly, managed by a trained investigator
	Dietary assessment (3 d)	Environmental measurement	For students: self-administered questionnaire	Separate survey for caregiver and youth (ages 9-12,13-24 yr)	Panel questionnaire survey
	Health check-up	Clinical tests	For juveniles in crisis: interview	Self-administered questionnaire, if needed	Focus group interview
	Collection of biological samples	Genetic tests
		Follow-up of infants
Survey contents (topics)	Comparison of health status, including body composition and sexual maturity, between obese and normal children	Analysis of exposure of pregnant women to hazardous environmental factors and the effect thereof on infants' health	Youth exposure to harmful media and environment that can possibly affect lifestyles and social behaviors (time-serial comparison)	Youth’s social/cultural background, health-related life behavior, and emotional status (time-serial comparison)	Multicultural variables including language and background, individual and environmental characteristics of multicultural adolescents (longitudinal survey)
	Follow-up of children with morbid obesity