Table 2.
Association of Comprehensive Care Assistance and Either Retention in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Care or Viral Suppression Among HIV-Infected Individuals Living in Virginia
| Characteristic | No. | Retention in Care | Viral Suppression | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | aOR, P Value | OR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | aOR, P Value | ||
| All | 13104 | ||||||
| Comprehensive care assistance | |||||||
| No | 10876 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||
| Yes | 2228 | 8.61 (7.03–10.53) | 8.81 (7.16–10.84) | <.0001 | 4.45 (3.89–5.09) | 3.28 (2.85–3.78) | <.0001 |
| Sex at birtha | |||||||
| Male | 9338 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||
| Female | 3766 | 1.17 (1.07–1.28) | 1.25 (1.11–1.42) | .0004 | 0.90 (.83–.97) | 0.87 (.77–.97) | .016 |
| Age as of 31 December 2014, ya | |||||||
| 13–29 | 1295 | 1.05 (.90–1.23) | 0.90 (.75–1.08) | .257 | 0.69 (.60–.80) | 0.61 (.51–.72) | <.0001 |
| 30–39 | 2119 | 1.07 (.93–1.23) | 0.97 (.83–1.14) | .723 | 0.90 (.79–1.02) | 0.84 (.72–.97) | .016 |
| 40–49 | 3400 | 1.07 (.95–1.21) | 0.98 (.86–1.12) | .764 | 0.97 (.87–1.10) | 0.90 (.79–1.02) | .109 |
| 50–59 | 4237 | 1.19 (1.06–1.35) | 1.13 (1.00–1.28) | .055 | 1.02 (.91–1.14) | 1.01 (.90–1.14) | .877 |
| ≥60 | 2053 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||
| Race/ethnicitya | |||||||
| White | 3717 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||
| Black | 7988 | 1.16 (1.06–1.27) | 1.23 (1.11–1.36) | <.0001 | 0.76 (.70–.83) | 0.93 (.84–1.02) | .108 |
| Hispanic | 955 | 1.13 (.96–1.33) | 1.06 (.89–1.28) | .506 | 1.26 (1.07–1.48) | 1.06 (.89–1.27) | .533 |
| Other | 444 | 0.99 (.80–1.24) | 1.11 (.88–1.41) | .369 | 0.88 (.71–1.09) | 0.92 (.73–1.16) | .479 |
| Transmission risk factora,b | |||||||
| HET | 2969 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||
| MSM | 6322 | 0.82 (.74–.91) | 1.04 (.90–1.19) | .634 | 1.00 (.91–1.10) | 0.91 (.80–1.04) | .162 |
| IDU | 1064 | 0.99 (.83–1.17) | 1.05 (.87–1.25) | .627 | 1.12 (.96–1.30) | 1.14 (.97–1.35) | .118 |
| MSM and IDU | 521 | 0.89 (.71–1.10) | 0.99 (.78–1.27) | .945 | 1.03 (.84–1.25) | 0.87 (.69–1.09) | .231 |
| Other/unknown | 2228 | 0.62 (.55–.70) | 0.70 (.61–.80) | <.0001 | 0.84 (.75–.94) | 0.95 (.83–1.07) | .382 |
| Region of diagnosisa,c | |||||||
| Eastern | 3921 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||
| Central | 3497 | 2.08 (1.87–2.32) | 1.78 (1.59–1.99) | <.0001 | 3.74 (3.39–4.13) | 3.38 (3.05–3.74) | <.0001 |
| Northern | 2981 | 0.90 (.81–.99) | 0.67 (.60–.75) | <.0001 | 3.56 (3.21–3.95) | 2.89 (2.59–3.22) | <.0001 |
| Northwest | 1207 | 2.65 (2.23–3.15) | 2.00 (1.67–2.39) | <.0001 | 5.46 (4.66–6.40) | 4.30 (3.65–5.07) | <.0001 |
| Southwest | 1300 | 2.73 (2.31–3.23) | 2.21 (1.86–2.64) | <.0001 | 4.55 (3.93–5.28) | 3.75 (3.22–4.37) | <.0001 |
| Unknown | 198 | 0.88 (.65–1.19) | 0.85 (.62–1.15) | .287 | 2.78 (2.04–3.79) | 2.60 (1.90–3.56) | <.0001 |
| Disease stagea | |||||||
| AIDS diagnosisd | 7177 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||
| No history of AIDS diagnosis | 5927 | 0.83 (.77–.90) | 0.83 (.76–.91) | <.0001 | 0.94 (.87–1.01) | 1.02 (.94–1.11) | .591 |
| Years since HIV diagnosisa | 13104 | 1.00 (.99–1.00) | 0.99 (.99–1.00) | .046 | 1.00 (.99–1.00) | 0.99 (.98–.99) | .0002 |
Abbreviations: aOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; HET, high-risk heterosexual contact; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IDU, injection drug use; MSM, men who have sex with men; OR, odds ratio.
aClient characteristic based on data from Virginia’s Care Markers Database.
bClient’s most likely route of HIV infection; assessed through patient interviews and medical record abstraction shortly after the time HIV diagnosis is reported to the state surveillance system.
cVirginia is divided into 5 geographic regions for health planning purposes: Central, Eastern, Northern, Northwest, Southwest.
dAny CD4 count ≤200 cells/µL or AIDS-defining opportunistic infection since HIV diagnosis.