Table 1.
Clinical Characteristics at Baseline and Bivariate Hazard Ratios Adjusted for Resistance Category
| Variable | Total (N = 834) | Survived (n = 772) | Died (n = 62) | Adjusted HR (N = 834) | P Value | (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Resistance category | ||||||
| Susceptible (reference) | 282 (34) | 272 (35) | 10 (16) | … | … | … |
| Monoresistance to RIF/INH | 52 (6) | 49 (6) | 3 (5) | … | … | … |
| MDR | 153 (18) | 143 (19) | 10 (16) | … | … | … |
| Second-line resistance | 290 (34) | 262 (34) | 28 (45) | … | … | … |
| XDR | 57 (7) | 46 (6) | 11 (18) | … | … | … |
| Site | ||||||
| India (reference) | 445 (53) | 409 (53) | 36 (58) | 1.00 | … | … |
| Moldova | 225 (27) | 208 (27) | 17 (27) | 1.06 | .84 | (.59–1.92) |
| South Africa | 164 (20) | 155 (20) | 9 (15) | 2.32 | .08 | (.90–5.99) |
| HIV positive (vs negative or unknown) | 91 (11) | 84 (11) | 7 (11) | 3.11 | .01 | (1.31–7.37) |
| Smear category | ||||||
| Negative (reference) | 134 (16) | 128 (17) | 6 (10) | 1.00 | … | … |
| Rare | 70 (8) | 64 (8) | 6 (10) | 2.22 | .17 | (.71–6.96) |
| Few | 164 (20) | 158 (20) | 6 (10) | 0.89 | .85 | (.29–2.79) |
| Many | 169 (20) | 150 (19) | 19 (31) | 2.42 | .06 | (.96–6.11) |
| Too numerous to count | 297 (36) | 272 (35) | 25 (40) | 1.62 | .30 | (.65–4.01) |
| Sputum smear positive | 700 (84) | 644 (83) | 56 (90) | 1.73 | .21 | (.74–4.05) |
| History of smoking (vs no history or unknown) | 302 (36) | 278 (36) | 24 (39) | 1.43 | .19 | (.84–2.46) |
| Previous treatment | 624 (75) | 582 (75) | 47 (75) | 1.05 | .88 | (.58–1.88) |
| Low BMI (<18.5 kg/m2) | 448 (54) | 406 (53) | 42 (68) | 1.96 | .01 | (1.15–3.35) |
| Diabetes | 44 (5) | 40 (5) | 4 (6) | 0.95 | .92 | (.34–2.62) |
| Male sex | 542 (65) | 500 (65) | 42 (68) | 1.44 | .19 | (.84–2.47) |
| Use of a later-generation FQ | 379 (45) | 352 (46) | 27 (44) | 0.48 | .01 | (.28–.83) |
| Age continuous, median (Q1, Q3) | 33 (24, 45) | 33 (24, 46) | 36 (23, 44) | 1.01 | .43 | (.99–1.02) |
Data are presented as No. (%) unless otherwise indicated.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; FQ, fluoroquinolone; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; HR, hazard ratio; INH, isoniazid; MDR, multidrug resistant; RIF, rifampin; XDR, extensively drug resistant.Values in bold indicate significant differences at the P > .05 level.