Table 1. .

Isokinetic Results (Peak Torque in Nm/kg and Ratios) for the Dominant and Nondominant Shoulders of Handball Players (N = 108)

Variable	Shoulder		P Value	Cohen d Effect Size
	Dominant	Nondominant
	Mean ± SD
Internal rotators, Nm/kg
Concentric mode at 60°/s	0.70 ± 0.15	0.62 ± 0.14	<.001	0.77
Concentric mode at 240°/s	0.55 ± 0.14	0.49 ± 0.12	<.001	0.79
Eccentric mode at 60°/s	0.78 ± 0.20	0.69 ± 0.17	<.001	0.59
External rotators, Nm/kg
Concentric mode at 60°/s	0.50 ± 0.09	0.49 ± 0.08	.02	0.23
Concentric mode at 240°/s	0.41 ± 0.08	0.39 ± 0.08	.002	0.38
Eccentric mode at 60°/s	0.63 ± 0.11	0.61 ± 0.13	.07	0.18
Ratio of external rotators : internal rotators
Concentric mode at 60°/s	0.73 ± 0.12	0.81 ± 0.13	<.001	−0.54
Concentric mode at 240°/s	0.78 ± 0.14	0.82 ± 0.17	.009	−0.26
Mixed ratio (external rotators in the eccentric mode at 60°/s to internal rotators in the concentric mode at 240°/s)	1.20 ± 0.30	1.30 ± 0.35	<.001	−0.43