Table 5.
Primary and Secondary Clinical Outcomes by Pathogen and Treatment Arm
| Pathogen | Cure at 24 h, No./Total (%) | TLUS, Median (IQR), h | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Azithromycin | Levofloxacin | Rifaximin | Azithromycin | Levofloxacin | Rifaximin | |
| No pathogens identified | 35/43 (81.4) | 26/33 (78.8) | 33/40 (82.5) | 3.8 (0.8–20.1) | 6.6 (0.0–20.0) | 2.3 (0.0–19.9) |
| Limited to solo pathogens | ||||||
| Any bacteria | 22/26 (84.6) | 27/31 (87.1) | 16/27 (59.3) | 2.8 (0.0–8.7) | 6.8 (0.0–19.6) | 11.1 (2.5–38.1) |
| Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli | 22/26 (84.6) | 26/30 (86.7) | 16/27 (59.3) | 2.8 (0.0–8.7) | 5.8 (0.0–19.5) | 11.1 (2.5–38.1) |
| ETEC | 6/7 (85.7) | 7/8 (87.5) | 8/13 (61.5) | 2.9 (0.0–11.7) | 3.4 (0.0–13.9) | 9.0 (0.0–41.2) |
| EAEC | 16/19 (84.2) | 12/15 (80.0) | 6/10 (60.0) | 1.4 (0.0–8.7) | 7.5 (0.0–20.7) | 18.6 (5.3–31.5) |
| EHEC | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0/1 | … | … | 29.7a |
| EPEC | 0/0 | 6/6 (100) | 1/2 (50.0) | … | 3.4 (0.0–19.5) | 24.9 (0.0–49.8) |
| EIEC | 0/0 | 1/1 (100) | 1/1 (100) | … | 0a | 3.0a |
| Campylobacter | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0/0 | … | … | … |
| Shigella | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0/0 | … | … | … |
| Salmonella | 0/0 | 1/1 (100) | 0/0 | … | 19.6a | … |
| Any parasite | 2/2 (100) | 0/0 | 2/4 (50.0) | 0.9 (0.0–1.8) | … | 29.0 (11.8–36.6) |
| Cryptosporidium parvum | 2/2 (100) | 0/0 | 0/2 | 0.9 (0.0–1.8) | … | 36.6 (36.4–36.8) |
| Giardia lamblia | 0/0 | 0/0 | 2/2 (100) | … | … | 11.8 (1.9–21.7) |
| Any virus | 3/5 (60.0) | 9/12 (75.0) | 6/7 (85.7) | 23.8 (0.9–27.5) | 8.1 (1.3–28.5) | 4.4 (0.0–7.3) |
| Norovirus | 1/3 (33.3) | 7/10 (70.0) | 5/6 (83.3) | 27.5 (23.8–59.5) | 8.1 (1.3–34.8) | 5.7 (0.0–7.3) |
| Rotavirus | 2/2 (100) | 2/2 (100) | 1/1 (100) | 0.5 (0.0–0.9) | 11.8 (1.4–22.2) | 0 a |
| Including coinfections | ||||||
| Any bacteria | 28/36 (77.8) | 46/53 (86.8) | 27/39 (69.2) | 3.4 (0.0–21.3) | 5.6 (0.0–19.5) | 8.0 (0.0–29.7) |
| Diarrheagenic E. coli | 28/36 (77.8) | 45/52 (86.5) | 27/39 (69.2) | 3.4 (0.0–21.3) | 5.1 (0.0–18.6) | 8.0 (0.0–29.7) |
| ETEC | 10/15 (66.7) | 17/18 (94.4) | 13/19 (68.4) | 5.8 (0.2–27.5) | 5.1 (0.0–9.9) | 9.0 (0.0–41.2) |
| EAEC | 20/26 (76.9) | 25/29 (86.2) | 14/19 (73.7) | 2.8 (0.0–11.9) | 7.2 (0.0–17.8) | 11.9 (0.7–24.1) |
| EHEC | 0/1 | 2/3 (66.7) | 2/3 (66.7) | 27.5a | 3.6 (0.0–68.7) | 18.9 (0.0–29.7) |
| EPEC | 1/2 (50.0) | 11/12 (91.7) | 4/5 (80.0) | 35.0 (21.6–48.3) | 5.2 (0.0–13.5) | 0.0 (0.0–14.9) |
| EIEC | 0/0 | 3/3 (100) | 2/2 (100) | … | 1.5 (0.0–22.5) | 1.5 (0.0–3.0) |
| Campylobacter | 0/0 | 0/1 | 1/1 (100) | … | 28.7a | 07a |
| Shigella | 0/0 | 1/1 (100) | 0/0 | … | 1.5a | … |
| Salmonella | 0/0 | 1/1 (100) | 0/0 | … | 19.6a | … |
| Any parasite | 2/2 (100) | 0/0 | 2/5 (40.0) | 0.9 (0.0–1.8) | … | 36.4 (21.7–36.8) |
| C. parvum | 2/2 (100) | 0/0 | 0/3 | 0.9 (0.0–1.8) | … | 36.8 (36.4–82.5) |
| G. lamblia | 0/0 | 0/0 | 2/2 (100) | … | … | 11.8 (1.9–21.7) |
| Any virus | 6/8 (75.0) | 17/22 (77.3) | 9/10 (90.0) | 15.5 (0.5–25.7) | 4.7 (0.0–22.5) | 2.2 (0.0–7.0) |
| Norovirus | 2/4 (50.0) | 11/16 (68.8) | 7/8 (87.5) | 25.7 (22.7–43.5) | 8.1 (0.6–42.0) | 5.5 (0.0–7.2) |
| Rotavirus | 4/4 (100) | 6/6 (100) | 2/2 (100) | 0.5 (0.0–5.2) | 0.7 (0.0–2.6) | 0a |
Abbreviations: EAEC, enteroaggregative E. coli; EHEC, enterohemorrhagic E. coli; EIEC, enteroinvasive E. coli; EPEC, enteropathogenic E. coli; ETEC, enterotoxigenic E. coli; IQR, interquartile range; TLUS, time to last unformed stool.
aIQR not determinable owing to small sample size.