Table 1.
Selected Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Patients With H30 and Non-H30 Isolates, Stratified By Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporin Resistance Status
| Characteristic | ESC-R (n = 278) | ESC-S (n = 1008) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H30 (n = 83) | Non-H30 (n = 195) | P Valuea | H30 (n = 47) | Non-H30 (n = 961) | P Valuea | |
| Age, y | .008* | <.001* | ||||
| 0–5 | 60 (72.3) | 98 (50.3) | 504 (52.5) | |||
| 6–10 | 10 (12.1) | 40 (20.5) | 4 (8.5) | 190 (19.8) | ||
| 11–15 | 6 (7.2) | 31 (15.9) | 12 (25.5) | 126 (13.1) | ||
| 16–21 | 7 (8.4) | 26 (13.3) | 15 (31.9) | 141 (14.7) | ||
| Sex | .407 | .440 | ||||
| Male | 18 (21.7) | 53 (27.2) | 8 (17.0) | 130 (13.5) | ||
| Female | 65 (78.3) | 142 (72.8) | 39 (83.0) | 831 (86.5) | ||
| Ethnicityb | .110 | .312 | ||||
| Hispanic | 8 (10.0) | 36 (19.3) | 4 (8.9) | 135 (14.6) | ||
| Non-Hispanic | 72 (90.0) | 151 (80.7) | 41 (91.1) | 791 (85.4) | ||
| Raceb,c | .087 | .314 | ||||
| White | 39 (49.4) | 116 (62.0) | 29 (63.0) | 629 (68.2) | ||
| African-American | 12 (15.2) | 29 (15.5) | 12 (26.1) | 219 (23.7) | ||
| Asian | 22 (27.9) | 32 (17.1) | 2 (4.4) | 51 (5.5) | ||
| Native American | 4 (5.1) | 2 (1.1) | 1 (2.2) | 6 (0.7) | ||
| Pacific Islander | 2 (2.5) | 7 (3.7) | 1 (2.2) | 10 (1.1) | ||
| >1 race | 0 (…) | 1 (0.5) | 1 (2.2) | 8 (0.9) | ||
| Site of culture | .233 | .753 | ||||
| Urinec,d | 78 (94.0) | 173 (88.7) | 45 (95.7) | 923 (96.1) | ||
| Blood | 2 (2.4) | 15 (7.7) | 2 (4.3) | 32 (3.3) | ||
| Other | 3 (3.6) | 7 (3.6) | 0 (0.0) | 6 (0.6) | ||
| Type of acquisitionb,e | .832 | <.001* | ||||
| Community-associated | 28 (33.7) | 65 (33.3) | 14 (29.8) | 599 (62.7) | ||
| Healthcare-associated | 45 (54.2) | 103 (52.8) | 30 (63.8) | 297 (31.1) | ||
| Hospital-associated | 10 (12.0) | 27 (13.8) | 3 (6.4) | 60 (6.3) | ||
| Hospitalized in past 6 mob | .429 | .017* | ||||
| Yes | 25 (30.1) | 69 (35.4) | 13 (27.7) | 143 (15.0) | ||
| No | 58 (69.9) | 126 (64.6) | 34 (72.3) | 813 (85.0) | ||
| Underlying medical conditionb | .854 | <.001* | ||||
| Urologicf | 30 (36.1) | 75 (38.7) | 26 (55.3) | 185 (19.3) | ||
| Malignancy | 4 (4.8) | 13 (6.7) | 1 (2.1) | 26 (2.7) | ||
| Other condition | 16 (19.3) | 35 (18.0) | 6 (12.8) | 104 (10.8) | ||
| No condition | 33 (39.8) | 71 (36.6) | 14 (29.8) | 644 (67.2) | ||
| Antibiotic use in the past 30 db | .548 | .006* | ||||
| Yes | 34 (41.0) | 85 (43.6) | 16 (34.0) | 176 (18.4) | ||
| No | 49 (59.0) | 110 (56.4) | 31 (66.0) | 781 (81.6) | ||
| History of transplantationb | .108 | <.001* | ||||
| Yes | 3 (3.6) | 19 (9.7) | 5 (10.6) | 22 (2.3) | ||
| No | 80 (96.4) | 175 (90.2) | 42 (89.4) | 937 (97.7) | ||
| Received immunosuppressants in last yearb,g | .100 | .071 | ||||
| Yes | 9 (10.8) | 37 (19.1) | 6 (12.8) | 62 (6.5) | ||
| No | 74 (89.2) | 157 (80.9) | 41 (87.2) | 897 (93.5) | ||
| Device type | .157 | <.001* | ||||
| Central venous catheter | 7 (8.4) | 28 (14.4) | 3 (6.4) | 53 (5.5) | ||
| Foley catheter | 6 (7.2) | 5 (2.6) | 3 (6.4) | 11 (1.1) | ||
| Other device | 14 (16.9) | 26 (13.3) | 10 (21.3) | 55 (5.7) | ||
| No device | 56 (67.5) | 136 (69.7) | 31 (66.0) | 842 (87.6) | ||
| Hospital | .156 | .349 | ||||
| West | 22 (26.5) | 78 (40.0) | 13 (27.7) | 341 (35.5) | ||
| East | 24 (28.9) | 51 (26.2) | 16 (34.0) | 284 (29.6) | ||
| Midwest 1 | 11 (13.3) | 23 (11.8) | 3 (6.4) | 108 (11.2) | ||
| Midwest 2 | 26 (31.3) | 43 (22.1) | 15 (31.9) | 228 (23.7) | ||
Abbreviations: ESC-R, extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant; ESC-S, extended-spectrum cephalosporin-susceptible.
a P values generated via Mantel-Haenzel χ2 tests (adjusting for study hospital) unless otherwise indicated.
bNumber does not add to n because of missing data.
c P values generated via (unadjusted) Fisher exact test.
dAll isolates collected from urine and without missing data were characterized as likely urinary tract infection (UTI); 7 isolates with missing data could not be classified (3 extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant and 4 extended-spectrum cephalosporin-susceptible).
eType of acquisition was defined as follows: community associated, culture obtained in an outpatient setting or <48 hours after hospital admission from an otherwise healthy patient without hospitalization in the previous 6 months; healthcare associated, culture obtained in an outpatient setting or <48 hours after hospital admission from a patient who had been hospitalized in the previous 6 months and/or had a chronic medical condition requiring frequent healthcare or prolonged/recurrent antibiotic courses; and hospital associated, culture obtained >48 hours after hospital admission or <48 hours after hospital discharge from a patient without signs or symptoms of infection on admission.
fDiagnoses included in the urologic category are congenital urological abnormality, neurogenic bladder, and vesicoureteral reflux.
gImmunosuppressants included antineoplastic agents, high-dose glucocorticoids (≥2 mg/kg of body weight), tumor necrosis factor inhibitors, calcineurin inhibitors, and mycophenolate mofetil.
*P value <.05.