Table 5. Results from literature search.
| Study | Place | Study type | n | Type of decompression | Mean reduction in Hertel exophthalmometry (mm) | New diplopia | New numbness |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fat only decompressions (3.6–4.2 mm) | |||||||
| Li et al7 | Hong-Kong | Case series | 11 Patients (21 orbits) | Orbital fat | 4.2 mm | 0% | 0% |
| Liao et al8 | Taiwan | Case series | 22 Patients (44 orbits) | Orbital fat | 4.1 mm | ND | ND |
| Wu et al9 | Taiwan | Case series | 120 Patients (222 orbits) | Orbital fat | 3.6 mm | 2.8% | ND |
| Endoscopic approaches (2.1–8 mm) | |||||||
| Lv et al10 | China | Case series | 43 Patients (72 orbits) | Endoscopic medial one-and-a-half wall | 6.2 mm | 12% | ND |
| Miśkiewicz et al11 | Poland | Prospective case series | 14 Eyes | Endoscoptic medial wall | 1.0 mm | 14% | ND |
| Kingdom et al12 | USA | Case series | 77 Patients (114 orbits) | Endoscopic three wall | 3.2 mm | 0% | ND |
| Thapa et al13 | India | Comparative case series | 15 Patients (28 orbits) | Endoscopic medial or medial one-and-a-half wall | 3.4 mm | 0% | 0% |
| Wu et al14 | China | Case series | 108 Patients (206 orbits) | Endoscopic medial wall | 8.0 mm | 23% | 0% |
| Gulati et al15 | Norway | Case series | 37 Patients (66 orbits) | Endoscopic medial wall | 4.0 mm | 19% | 0% |
| She et al16 | Taiwan | Case series | 25 Patients (42 orbits) | Endoscopic medial one-and-a-half wall | 2.1 mm | 4% | ND |
| Chu et al17 | USA | Case series | 5 Patients (6 orbits) | Endoscopic decompression of orbital apex | 3.1 mm | 0% | ND |
| Nonendoscopic lateral (single) wall decompressions (3.6–4.8 mm) | |||||||
| Miller18 | UK | Case series | 41 Orbits | Lateral wall | 4.0 mm | 6% | 12% |
| Ueland et al19 | Norway | Case series | 84 Patients (144 orbits) | Lateral wall | 3.6 mm | 5% | 50% |
| Nguyen et al20 | USA | Case series | 69 Patients (108 orbits) | Lateral wall | 3.7 mm | ND | ND |
| Mehta and Durrani4 | UK | Case series | 17 Patients (21 orbits) | Lateral wall | 4.8 mm | 0% | 18% |
| Sellari-Franceschin et al21 | Italy | Case series | 39 Patients (72 orbits) | Lateral wall | 4.5 mm | 0% | 24% |
| Chang and Piva22 | Costa Rica | Case series | 33 Patients (65 orbits) | Lateral wall | 4.5 mm | 3% | ND |
| Nonendoscopic bony decompressions/articles presenting a mixture of types of decompression (1.9–7.2 mm) | |||||||
| Yao et al23 | USA | Case series | 73 Patients (115 orbits) | Balanced two wall | 5.0 mm | 17% | ND |
| Choi et al24 | Korea | Case series | 24 Patients (48 orbits) | Balanced two wall | 4.0 mm | 2% | 8% |
| Wu et al 25 | USA | Case series | 53 Patients (80 orbits) | Balanced two wall | 5.6 mm | ND | ND |
| Kim et al26 | Korea | Case series | 23 Patients (43 orbits) | Balanced two wall or three wall | 4.1 mm | ND | ND |
| Korkmaz and Konuk27 | Turkey | Comparative case series | 42 Patients (68 orbits) | Balanced two wall (41 orbits) or three wall (27 orbits) | 5.1 mm (2 wall) 7.2 mm (3 wall) | 20% (2 wall) 29% (3 wall) | ND |
| Onaran et al28 | Turkey | Case series | 36 Patients (72 eyes) | Balanced two wall | 6.2 mm | ND | ND |
| Sagiv et al29 | Australia and Israel | Comparative case series | 112 Patients (186 orbits) | Two wall (89 orbits) or three wall (97 orbits) | 4.6 mm (2 wall) 5.4 mm (3 wall) | 13% | ND |
| Kim et al30 | South Korea | Comparative case series | 21 Patients (33 orbits) | Two wall (25 orbits) or three wall (8 orbits) | 4.5 mm (2 wall) 5.1 mm (3 wall) | ND | ND |
| Ponto et al31 | Germany | Case series | 40 Patients (62 orbits) | Two wall (27 orbits) or three wall (35 orbits) | 3.0 mm | 18% | 52% |
| Bingham et al32 | USA | Case series | 4 Patients (8 orbits) | Three wall | 4.0 mm | 0% | ND |
| Lee et al33 | South Korea | Comparative case series | 55 Patients (90 orbits) | Fat only (29 orbits), medial one wall (15 orbits), two wall (36 orbits), and two wall with minimal fat removal (19 orbits) | 3.8 mm (orbital fat) 4.0 mm (medial one wall) 5.1 mm (2 wall) 3.4 mm (2 wall, minimal fat) | 36% | ND |
| Roncevic et al34 | Serbia | Case series | 65 Patients | Three wall | 7.2 mm | 0% | ‘Majority’ |
| Fayers et al5 | UK | Case series | 98 Patients (163 orbits) | Lateral wall (76 orbits) or lateral and medial and/or floor (87 orbits) | 3.7 mm (lateral) 5.7 mm (all types) | ND | ND |
| Clauser et al35 | Italy | Case series | 131 Patients (196 orbits) | Fat only decompression (137 orbits) or three wall bony decompression (59 orbits) | 3.9 mm | 4% | ND |
| Hill et al36 | USA | Case series | 16 Patients (16 orbits) | Medial wall | 2.3 mm | 22% | ND |
| Rocchi et al37 | Italy | Comparative case series | 247 Patients | Two wall (197 patients) or lateral (single) decompression (50 patients) | 5.7 mm (2 wall) 4 mm (lateral) | 18% (2 wall) 0% (lateral) | ND |
| Norris et al38 | UK/USA/Australia | Prospective multicentre case series | 33 Patients (52 orbits) 6 orbits | Fat only (6 orbits), lateral wall (13 orbits), balanced two wall (26 orbits), three wall (7 orbits) | 2.8 mm (fat only) 4.8 mm (lateral) 4.4 mm (2 wall) 5.6 mm (3 wall) | ND | ND |
| Alsuhaibani et al39 | Saudi Arabia | Case series | 20 Patients (38 orbits) | Balanced two wall | 2.5 mm | 45% | ND |
| Perez-Lopez et al40 | Spain | Case–control study | 14 Patients (26 orbits) | Medial one wall (4 orbits), balanced two wall (10 orbits), three wall (12 orbits) | 2.5 mm (medial) 5 mm (2 wall) 7 mm (3 wall) | ND | ND |
| Choe et al41 | USA | Comparative case series | 17 Patients (28 orbits) | Medial wall (18 orbits) Lateral wall (10 orbits) | 3.1 mm (medial wall) 6.3 mm (lateral wall) | ND | ND |
| Chu et al42 | USA | Comparative case series | 69 Patients (112 orbits) | External balanced two wall decompression (32 orbits), endoscopic medial one-and-a-half wall (32 orbits), combined endoscopic/external three wall decompression (48 orbits) | 5.9 mm(external 2 wall) 1.9 mm (endoscopic medial 1.5 wall) 7.4 mm (endoscopic/external 3 wall) | 0% (combined/external) 9% (endoscopic) | ND |
| Maalouf et al43 | France | Cross-sectional | 19 Patients (36 orbits) | Medial one-and-a-half wall | 2.8 mm | ND | 20% |
| O’Malley et al44 | USA | Case series | 28 Patients (52 orbits) | Medial one-and-a-half wall | 3.3 mm | 4% | ND |
| Mourits et al2 | 11 European centres | Multi-centre case series | 139 Patients (248 orbits) | Variety of two wall and three wall approaches | 5 mm | ND | Up to 36% |
| Dubin et al45 | USA | Case series | 24 Patients (45 orbits) | Balanced two wall | 6.2 mm | 29.2% | ND |
| Jernfors et al46 | Finland | Case series (long-term outcomes) | 78 Patients | Medial one-and-a-half wall (mostly transantral, some endoscopic) | 4.4–4.7 mm | 8.5% | 28% |
Abbreviation: ND, not documented.