Table 2.

Effect of Pneumococcal Vaccination on Pneumonia Hospitalizations and Related Costs Among Children Aged 0–2 Years, 1992–2014

PCV Type	Change in Outcome Variable (95% CI), %
	No. of Hospitalizationsa	Hospitalization Costs (95% CI)b
Privately purchased PCV7	−16.8 (−19.8 to −13.8)	−18.1 (−26.2 to −10.0)
Publicly funded PCV7	−34.2 (−36.8 to −31.5)	−37.9 (−50.7 to −25.0)
Publicly funded PCV10	−37.8 (−43.0 to −32.4)	−38.9 (−44.5 to −33.4)
Publicly funded PCV13	−45.3 (−50.7 to −39.8)	−46.1 (−51.6 to −40.5)

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; PCV, pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; PCV7, PCV10, and PCV13: 7-valent, 10-valent, and 13-valent PCV, respectively.

^aHospitalizations in children aged 0–2 y during the study period. Poisson regression was used, with the exposure variable being the population size of the age group. All results shown displayed are statistically significant. (P < 0.05).

^bNatural logarithm of overall pneumonia-related healthcare utilization costs among children aged 0–2 y during the study period. The regression model is estimated using ordinary least squares. All regressions include fixed effects for disease and each vaccine interval. All results displayed are statistically significant. (P < 0.05).