Table 3.
Effect of Pneumococcal Vaccination on Pneumonia Hospitalizations and Related Costs Among Older Age Groups During the Study Period
| Age Group, y | Change (95% CI), % | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Privately Purchased PCV7 | Publicly funded PCV7 | Publicly funded PCV10 | Publicly funded PCV13 | |
| Hospitalization Rate Due to Pneumoniaa | ||||
| 5–17 | −3.6 (−7.3 to 0.2) | −12.3 (−16.0 to −8.6)b | −25.6 (−33.7 to −17.4)b | −80.7 (−87.2 to −74.1)b |
| 18–39 | −16.6 (−20.0 to −13.2)b | −21.9 (−25.1 to −18.7)b | −3.1 (−8.8 to 2.6) | −3.1 (−6.5 to 0.4) |
| 40–64 | −5.7 (−7.7 to −3.7)b | −2.2 (−4.0 to −0.4)b | 15.0 (12.0–18.0)b | 19.7 (17.8–21.5)b |
| 65–74 | −21.8 (−23.9 to −19.6)b | −43.1 (−45.2 to −41.0)b | −36.7 (−40.4 to −33.0)b | −27.7 (−31.1 to −24.3)b |
| 75–84 | −23.3 (−25.0 to −21.6)b | −46.2 (−47.9 to −44.6)b | −47.7 (−50.7 to −44.7)b | −39.6 (−42.4 to −36.9)b |
| ≥85 | −16.3 (−18.4 to −14.3)b | −40.3 (−42.2 to −38.4)b | −46.8 (−49.9 to −43.7)b | −38.2 (−41.0 to −35.4)b |
| Hospitalization Costs Due to Pneumoniac | ||||
| 5–17 | 3.8 (−9.8 to 17.5) | −5.2 (−17.6 to 7.2) | −12.9 (−35.1 to 9.4) | −81.1 (−95.0 to −67.2)b |
| 18–39 | −10.0 (−81.1 to 61.0) | −7.1 (−71.6 to 57.3) | 13.2 (−103.6 to 129.1) | 19.5 (−52.8 to 91.8) |
| 40–64 | −8.2 (−61.2 to 45.3) | −2.3 (−50.8 to 46.3) | 3.6 (−83.6 to 90.8) | 16.1 (−68.3 to 100.5) |
| 65–74 | −25.7 (−73.8 to 22.3) | −40.4 (−84.7 to 3.9) | −40.9 (−115.5 to 33.7) | −21.3 (−93.6 to 51.1) |
| 75–84 | −24.9 (−64.3 to 14.4) | −48.2 (−84.4 to −11.9)b | −60.8 (−121.9 to 0.4) | −47.4 (−106.7 to 11.9) |
| ≥85 | −15.4 (−47.7 to 17.0) | −47.5 (−77.3 to −17.6)b | −66.0 (−116.3 to −15.6)b | −51.9 (−100.6 to −3.1)b |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; PCV7, PCV10, and PCV13, the 7-valent, 10-valent, and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, respectively.
aThis outcome variable is the number of hospitalizations due to pneumonia in the respective age groups during the period of study. Poisson regression was used, with the exposure variable being the population size of the age group.
bStatistically significant results. (P < 0.05).
cThis outcome variable is the natural logarithm of pneumonia-related hospitalization costs in the respective age groups during the period of study. The regression model is estimated using ordinary least squares. All regressions include fixed effects for disease and vaccine interval.