Table 1.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Adults Aged ≥ 20 Years in the United States, 2011–2012, Stratified by Diabetes Status
| Variable | Nondiabetic, % (n) | Prediabetic, % (n) | Diabetic, % (n) | All Participants, % (n) | P Value a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 53.1 (1998) | 33.7 (1441) | 13.2 (776) | 100 (4215) | |
| Demographic characteristics | |||||
| Age group, y | |||||
| 20–29 | 27.6 (586) | 9.4 (141) | 1.7 (16) | 18.0 (743) | <.0001 |
| 30–39 | 21.7 (463) | 14.3 (228) | 7.4 (49) | 17.3 (740) | |
| 40–49 | 20.1 (343) | 20.1 (258) | 16.0 (107) | 19.6 (708) | |
| ≥50 | 30.6 (606) | 56.2 (814) | 74.9 (604) | 45.1 (2024) | |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 44.1 (904) | 52.4 (777) | 49.8 (394) | 47.6 (2075) | .002 |
| Female | 55.9 (1094) | 47.6 (664) | 50.1 (382) | 52.4 (2140) | |
| Birthplace | |||||
| United States | 83.4 (1437) | 84.4 (1029) | 79.9 (528) | 83.3 (2994) | .124 |
| Foreign | 16.6 (560) | 15.7 (411) | 20.1 (248) | 16.7 (1219) | |
| Education | |||||
| Beyond high school | 69.6 (1258) | 60.2 (739) | 46.6 (327) | 63.4 (2324) | <.0001 |
| High school | 17.7 (378) | 22.1 (350) | 26.0 (177) | 20.3 (905) | |
| Less than high school | 12.7 (362) | 17.7 (351) | 27.4 (271) | 16.3 (984) | |
| Missing | |||||
| Household tuberculosis contact | |||||
| Yes | 2.1 (54) | 3.5 (56) | 3.4 (35) | 2.8 (145) | .1168 |
| No | 97.9 (1933) | 96.5 (1374) | 96.6 (738) | 97.3 (4045) | |
| Smoking | |||||
| Current | 17.9 (392) | 23.1 (326) | 17.4 (133) | 19.6 (851) | .0067 |
| Former | 22.6 (375) | 24.2 (354) | 32.3 (248) | 24.4 (977) | |
| Never | 59.5 (1231) | 52.3 (761) | 50.3 (395) | 55.6 (2387) | |
| Family size | |||||
| Fewer than 3 | 51.2 (943) | 54.7 (714) | 60.1 (438) | 53.5 (2095) | .045 |
| 3–5 | 42.7 (871) | 38.9 (604) | 32.9 (259) | 40.1 (1734) | |
| 6 or more | 6.2 (184) | 6.5 (123) | 7.0 (79) | 6.4 (386) | |
| Clinical characteristics | |||||
| Median BMI (IQR), kg/m2 | 26.3 (23.0–30.2) | 28.6 (24.9–33.1) | 31.1 (26.8–36.4) | 27.8 (24.1–32.5) | <.0001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | |||||
| <18.5 | 2.3 (57) | 0.9 (18) | 0.6 (3) | 1.6 (78) | <.0001 |
| 18.5–24.9 | 35.5 (745) | 22.5 (340) | 12.6 (113) | 28.1 (1198) | |
| 25.0–29.9 | 35.6 (649) | 35.3 (488) | 25.1 (216) | 34.2 (1353) | |
| ≥30.0 | 26.6 (523) | 41.2 (583) | 61.8 (431) | 36.1 (1537) | |
| Median 2-hour plasma glucose (IQR), mg/dLb | 94 (78–108) | 117 (96–141) | 223 (201–261) | 108 (88–135) | <.0001 |
| Median fasting plasma glucose (IQR), mg/dLb | 91.5 (87–95) | 103 (99–108) | 129 (113–163) | 100 (92–110) | <.0001 |
| Median hemoglobin A1c (IQR), %b | 5.3 (5.1–5.5) | 5.8 (5.6–6.0) | 6.7 (6.2–7.8) | 5.5 (5.2–5.9) | <.0001 |
| Hepatitis B, surface antigen | |||||
| Positive | 0.3 (14) | 0.4 (14) | 0.2 (4) | 0.3 (32) | .5246 |
| Negative | 99.7 (1965) | 99.6 (1414) | 99.8 (755) | 99.7 (4134) | |
| Hepatitis C, antibody | |||||
| Positive | 1.1 (29) | 1.9 (28) | 3.4 (24) | 1.7 (18) | .168 |
| Negative | 98.9 (1943) | 98.1 (1395) | 96.6 (734) | 98.3 (4072) | |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; IQR, interquartile range.
Data are weighted percentages of participants in each subsample. The absolute number of participants is shown in parentheses. The absolute number of participants does not perfectly correspond to percentages because the percentages are weighted, adjusting for the survey design. Percentages may not total 100% because within column percentages were rounded to the nearest integer. Column totals vary across different characteristics because of missing values for some participants.
a P value is an F statistic with noninteger degrees of freedom by using a second-order Rao and Scott correction, taking into account the survey design. This P value is based on Pearson χ2 statistic for 2-way contingency tables.
bNot every participant took all 3 tests.