Table 2.
Invasive pneumococcal disease incidence after and before vaccine introduction according to serotype and age group in counties using only PCV10 or PCV13
| Counties using PCV10 | Counties using PCV13 | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age group (year) | Serotype | Pre-PCV7 Incidenceb (2007) | Pre-PCV10 Incidenceb (2007–2009) | Post-PCV10 Incidenceb (2013–2016) | Post-PCV10 vs. Pre-PCV7 Rate Ratio (95% CI)c(1) | Post-PCV10 vs. Pre-PCV10 Rate Ratio (95% CI)c(2) | Pre-PCV7 Incidenceb (2007) | Pre-PCV13 Incidenceb (2007–2009) | Post-PCV13 Incidenceb (2013–2016) | Post-PCV13 vs. Pre-PCV7 Rate Ratio (95% CI)c(3) | Post-PCV13 vs. Pre-PCV13 Rate Ratio (95% CI)c(4) | Comparison of Rate Ratios (95% CI)c(4) vs. (2) | Comparison of Rate Ratios (95% CI)c(3) vs. (1) |
| 0–4 | (N = 16) | (N = 41) | (N = 26) | (N = 22) | (N = 51) | (N = 24) | |||||||
| All serotypes | 15.7 (9.6,25.6) |
13.2 (9.7,17.9) |
5.7 (3.9,8.4) |
0.36
(0.20,0.68) |
0.43
(0.27,0.71) |
13.6 (9.0,20.6) |
10.3 (7.8,13.5) |
3.3 (2.2,4.9) |
0.24
(0.14,0.43) |
0.32
(0.20,0.52) |
0.74 (0.37,1.48) |
0.67 (0.28,1.56) |
|
| PCV7e | 11.2 (6.2,20.5) |
7.5 (5.0,11.4) |
0.7 (0.2,2.0) |
0.06
(0.02,0.21) |
0.09
(0.03,0.29) |
9.3 (5.6,15.5) |
6.3 (4.4,8.9) |
0.2 (0.0,1.9) |
0.02
(0.0,0.21) |
0.03
(0.0,0.31) |
0.37 (0.03,4.87) |
0.38 (0.03,5.25) |
|
| 1, 5, 7F | 1.1 (0.1,8.5) |
2.3 (1.1,4.9) |
0.0 (0.0,0.8)a | 0.00 (0.00,4.26)a |
0.00
(0.00,0.41) a |
1.2 (0.3,4.9) |
1.0 (0.4,2.4) |
0.0 (0.0,0.5)a |
0.00
(0.0,0.77) a |
0.00
(0.00,0.68) a |
- | - | |
| 1 | 0.0 (0.0,3.7)a |
0.0 (0.0,1.2)a |
0.0 (0.0,0.8)a | - | - | 0.0 (0.0,2.3)a |
0.0 (0.0,0.8)a |
0.0 (0.0,0.5)a |
- | - | - | - | |
| 7F | 1.1 (0.1,8.5) |
2.3 (1.1,4.9) |
0.0 (0.0,0.8)a | 0.00 (0.00,4.26)a |
0.0
(0.0,0.41) a |
1.2 (0.3,4.9) |
1.0 (0.4,2.4) |
0.0 (0.0,0.5)a |
0.00
(0.0,0.77) a |
0.00
(0.00,0.68) a |
- | - | |
| 3,6A,19A | 2.5 (0.6,10.4) |
2.4 (1.1,5.2) |
2.0 (1.0,3.9) |
0.82 (0.17,3.94) |
0.83 (0.31,2.24) |
2.5 (0.9,6.8) |
2.0 (1.1,3.8) |
0.3 (0.1,1.4) |
0.13
(0.02,0.79) |
0.16
(0.03,0.81) |
0.20 (0.03,1.39) |
0.16 (0.01,2.03) |
|
| 3 | 0.0 (0.0,3.7)a |
0.7 (0.2,3.3) |
0.5 (0.1,1.9) |
Inf (0.06,Inf)a |
0.61 (0.08,4.85) |
0.0 (0.0,2.3)a |
0.2 (0.0,1.6) |
0.3 (0.1,1.4) |
Inf (0.06,Inf)a |
1.55 (0.12,19.32) |
2.52 (0.08,78) |
- | |
| 6A | 2.0 (0.5,8.3) |
1.0 (0.3,3.1) |
0.4 (0.1,1.8) |
0.22 (0.03,1.54) |
0.44 (0.07,2.66) |
0.6 (0.1,4.4) |
0.2 (0.0,1.4) |
0.0 (0.0,0.5)a |
0.00 (0.0,4.23)a |
0.00 (0.00,13.0)a |
- | - | |
| 19A | 0.0 (0.0,3.7)a |
0.7 (0.2,2.7) |
1.1 (0.5,2.7) |
Inf (0.22,Inf)a |
1.67 (0.32,8.80) |
1.9 (0.6,5.7) |
1.6 (0.8,3.2) |
0.0 (0.0,0.5)a |
0.00
(0.00,0.38) a |
0.00
(0.00,0.39) a |
- | - | |
| NVT | 0.0 (0.0,3.7)a |
0.8 (0.2,3.4) |
3.0 (1.8,5.2) |
Inf (0.77,Inf)a |
3.60 (0.82,15.84) |
0.0 (0.0,2.3)a |
1.0 (0.4,2.4) |
2.7 (1.7,4.3) |
Inf (0.98,Inf)a |
2.83 (1.00,8.04) |
0.79 (0.14,4.49) |
- | |
| 6C | 0.0 (0.0,3.7)a |
0.0 (0.0,1.2)a |
0.9 (0.3,2.4) |
Inf (0.20,Inf)a |
Inf (0.61,Inf)a |
0.0 (0.0,2.3)a |
0.2 (0.0,1.7) |
0.0 (0.0,0.5)a |
- | 0.0 (0.0,13.0)a |
- | - | |
| 5–64 | (N = 154) | (N = 476) | (N = 424) | (N = 173) | (N = 560) | (N = 469) | |||||||
| All serotypes | 10.5 (8.9,12.3) |
10.8 (9.9,11.8) |
7.2 (6.6,7.9) |
0.69
(0.57,0.83) |
0.67
(0.59,0.76) |
8.8 (7.5,10.2) |
9.4 (8.6,10.2) |
5.4 (5.0,6.0) |
0.62
(0.52,0.74) |
0.58
(0.51,0.66) |
0.87 (0.73,1.04) |
0.90 (0.70,1.16) |
|
| PCV7e | 6.3 (4.9,8.0) |
5.2 (4.5,6.0) |
0.6 (0.4,0.8) |
0.09
(0.06,0.13) |
0.11
(0.08,0.16) |
4.1 (3.2,5.3) |
4.4 (3.9,5.0) |
0.4 (0.3,0.6) |
0.10
(0.07,0.16) |
0.10
(0.07,0.14) |
0.92 (0.54,1.58) |
1.19 (0.65,2.16) |
|
| 1,5,7F | 1.2 (0.7,2.0) |
2.0 (1.6,2.5) |
0.6 (0.4,0.8) |
0.51
(0.26,0.98) |
0.30
(0.20,0.45) |
1.5 (1.0,2.2) |
1.6 (1.3,1.9) |
0.5 (0.4,0.7) |
0.35
(0.21,0.57) |
0.33
(0.23,0.48) |
1.12 (0.65,1.94) |
0.68 (0.30,1.58) |
|
| 1 | 0.2 (0.1,0.7) |
0.2 (0.1,0.4) |
0.1 (0.0,0.2) |
0.49 (0.12,2.00) |
0.44 (0.16,1.22) |
0.3 (0.1,0.7) |
0.3 (0.2,0.5) |
0.1 (0.07,0.2) |
0.42 (0.16,1.15) |
0.44
(0.20,0.94) |
1.00 (0.29,3.57) |
0.87 (0.16,4.86) |
|
| 7F | 0.9 (0.5,1.7) |
1.7 (1.4,2.2) |
0.5 (0.3,0.7) |
0.49 (0.24,1.02) |
0.27
(0.17,0.42) |
1.2 (0.8,1.9) |
1.3 (1.0,1.6) |
0.4 (0.3,0.5) |
0.32
(0.18,0.57) |
0.30
(0.20,0.46) |
1.12 (0.60,2.08) |
0.64 (0.25,1.66) |
|
| 3,6A,19A | 1.4 (0.8,2.4) |
1.5 (1.2,2.0) |
2.3 (1.9,2.7) |
1.64 (0.93,2.89) |
1.50
(1.08,2.07) |
1.2 (0.8,1.9) |
1.2 (1.0,1.6) |
0.9 (0.7,1.2) |
0.74 (0.45,1.22) |
0.75 (0.53,1.05) |
0.50
(0.31,0.82) |
0.45
(0.21,0.99) |
|
| 3 | 0.9 (0.5,1.6) |
0.9 (0.6,1.2) |
1.2 (1.0,1.6) |
1.34 (0.73,2.46) |
1.46 (0.95,2.23) |
0.6 (0.3,1.2) |
0.7 (0.5,0.9) |
0.6 (0.4,0.8) |
0.91 (0.46,1.77) |
0.85 (0.55,1.31) |
0.58 (0.32,1.09) |
0.68 (0.27,1.68) |
|
| 6A | 0.4 (0.1,1.0) |
0.5 (0.3,0.7) |
0.1 (0.0,0.2) |
0.14
(0.03,0.62) |
0.11
(0.03,0.39) |
0.3 (0.1,0.8) |
0.3 (0.2,0.5) |
0.01 (0.0,0.1) |
0.04
(0.0,0.32) |
0.04
(0.01,0.35) |
0.40 (0.03,4.50) |
0.27 (0.02,3.46) |
|
| 19A | 0.0 (0.0,0.3)a |
0.2 (0.1,0.5) |
1.0 (0.8,1.3) |
Inf
(3.48,Inf) a |
5.14
(2.02,13.13) |
0.3 (0.1,0.8) |
0.3 (0.2,0.5) |
0.3 (0.2,0.5) |
1.33 (0.40,4.39) |
1.23 (0.62,2.42) |
0.24
(0.07,0.83) |
- | |
| NVT | 1.6 (1.0,2.7) |
2.1 (1.7,2.7) |
3.8 (3.3,4.3) |
2.35
(1.39,3.99) |
1.78
(1.37,2.30) |
1.9 (1.2,2.8) |
2.2 (1.7,2.7) |
3.6 (3.2,4.0) |
1.92
(1.25,2.94) |
1.65
(1.29,2.10) |
0.93 (0.64,1.34) |
0.82 (0.39,1.69) |
|
| 6C | 0.0 (0.0,0.3)a |
0.0 (0.0,0.1)a |
0.3 (0.2,0.4) |
Inf (0.87,Inf)a |
Inf
(2.62,Inf) a |
0.0 (0.0,0.2)a |
0.0 (0.0,0.1)a |
0.1 (0.0,0.2) |
Inf (0.23,Inf)a |
Inf (0.69,Inf)a |
- | - | |
| ≥65 | (N = 174) | (N = 583) | (N = 719) | (N = 137) | (N = 499) | (N = 726) | |||||||
| All serotypes | 47.5 (41.0,55.1) |
51.8 (47.8,56.2) |
40.8 (37.9,43.9) |
0.86 (0.73,1.01) |
0.79
(0.71,0.88) |
35.7 (30.2,42.2) |
42.0 (38.5,45.9) |
38.3 (35.6,41.2) |
1.07 (0.89,1.29) |
0.91 (0.81,1.02) |
1.16 (0.99,1.36) |
1.25 (0.98,1.60) |
|
| PCV7e | 26.0 (21.2,31.9) |
24.6 (21.8,27.7) |
2.8 (2.1,3.7) |
0.11
(0.08,0.15) |
0.11
(0.08,0.16) |
18.2 (13.6,24.3) |
21.2 (18.5,24.3) |
1.9 (1.4,2.8) |
0.11
(0.07,0.17) |
0.09
(0.06,0.14) |
0.81 (0.50,1.32) |
1.00 (0.57,1.76) |
|
| 1,5,7F | 2.4 (1.1,5.1) |
3.2 (2.3,4.6) |
1.5 (1.0,2.2) |
0.62 (0.26,1.47) |
0.46
(0.27,0.77) |
1.2 (0.3,4.5) |
2.0 (1.2,3.2) |
1.0 (0.6,1.6) |
0.83 (0.21,3.28) |
0.51
(0.27,0.99) |
1.12 (0.50,2.55) |
1.34 (0.26,6.96) |
|
| 1 | 0.0 (0.0,1.0)a |
0.3 (0.1,0.9) |
0.1 (0.0,0.5) |
Inf (0.01,Inf)a |
0.22 (0.02,2.19) |
0.0 (0.0,1.0)a |
0.1 (0.0,0.9) |
0.2 (0.1,0.6) |
Inf (0.18,Inf)a |
1.77 (0.20,16.04) |
8.23 (0.36,188) |
- | |
| 7F | 2.4 (1.1,5.1) |
2.9 (2.0,4.3) |
1.4 (0.9,2.1) |
0.60 (0.25,1.44) |
0.48
(0.28,0.83) |
1.2 (0.3,4.3) |
1.9 (1.1,3.0) |
0.8 (0.5,1.3) |
0.66 (0.17,2.60) |
0.44
(0.22,0.88) |
0.91 (0.38,2.16) |
1.11 (0.21,5.91) |
|
| 3,6A,19A | 7.9 (5.4,11.6) |
9.9 (8.2,12.0) |
10.5 (9.0,12.2) |
1.32 (0.88,1.98) |
1.06 (0.83,1.34) |
6.0 (3.6,9.9) |
8.0 (6.4,9.9) |
9.1 (7.9,10.6) |
1.53 (0.91,2.57) |
1.15 (0.88,1.49) |
1.09 (0.76,1.56) |
1.16 (0.59,2.28) |
|
| 3 | 3.4 (1.8,6.3) |
4.6 (3.4,6.1) |
5.1 (4.1,6.3) |
1.50 (0.77,2.95) |
1.11 (0.78,1.58) |
3.8 (2.1,6.9) |
3.7 (2.7,5.1) |
7.0 (5.9,8.3) |
1.84 (1.00,3.40) |
1.86
(1.31,2.66) |
1.68
(1.01,2.77) |
1.22 (0.50,3.03) |
|
| 6A | 3.6 (2.1,6.2) |
3.7 (2.7,5.1) |
0.5 (0.3,1.0) |
0.15
(0.06,0.35) |
0.14
(0.07,0.30) |
1.1 (0.4,2.9) |
2.2 (1.5,3.3) |
0.5 (0.3,1.0) |
0.48 (0.14,1.62) |
0.23
(0.10,0.52) |
1.65 (0.58,4.71) |
3.26 (0.75,14.12) |
|
| 19A | 0.9 (0.3,3.1) |
1.6 (1.0,2.7) |
4.9 (4.0,6.0) |
5.2
(1.55,17.46) |
3.00
(1.75,5.13) |
1.1 (0.3,4.0) |
2.0 (1.3,3.1) |
1.7 (1.1,2.4) |
1.57 (0.40,6.13) |
0.84 (0.47,1.52) |
0.28
(0.12,0.64) |
0.30 (0.04,1.9) |
|
| NVT | 11.2 (8.0,15.6) |
14.1 (12.0,16.5) |
26.1 (23.8,28.6) |
2.34
(1.64,3.32) |
1.85
(1.53,2.23) |
10.1 (6.4,15.6) |
10.9 (8.8,13.4) |
26.2 (24.0,28.6) |
2.59
(1.66,4.06) |
2.41
(1.91,3.0) |
1.30 (0.98,1.72) |
1.11 (0.65,1.9) |
|
| 6C | 0.0 (0.0,1.0)a |
0.2 (0.0,1.0) |
4.6 (3.6,5.7) |
Inf
(4.11,Inf) a |
22.29
(4.71,105.4) |
0.3 (0.0,3.7) |
0.5 (0.2,1.3) |
1.3 (0.9,2.0) |
3.86 (0.34,43.7) |
2.74 (0.90,8.30) |
0.12
(0.02,0.78) |
- | |
| All age groups |
(N = 344) | (N = 1100) | (N = 1169) | (N = 332) | (N = 1110) | (N = 1219) | |||||||
| All serotypes | 17.7 (16.0,19.7) |
18.8 (17.7,20.0) |
14.4 (13.6,15.3) |
0.76
(0.67,0.86) d |
0.72
(0.67,0.79) d |
13.2 (11.8,14.7) |
14.5 (13.6,15.3) |
10.8 (10.3,11.5) |
0.79
(0.70,0.89) d |
0.72
(0.67,0.78) d |
1.00 (0.89,1.12)d |
1.04 (0.88,1.23)d |
|
| PCV7e | 10.3 (8.8,12.0) |
9.0 (8.3,9.9) |
1.0 (0.8,1.3) |
0.10
(0.07,0.13) d |
0.11
(0.09,0.14) d |
6.6 (5.4,8.0) |
7.1 (6.4,7.9) |
0.7 (0.5,0.9) |
0.10
(0.07,0.14) d |
0.09
(0.07,0.12) d |
0.84 (0.58,1.21)d |
1.03 (0.67,1.57)d |
|
| 1,5,7F | 1.4 (0.9,2.2) |
2.2 (1.8,2.7) |
0.7 (0.6,1.0) |
0.52
(0.31,0.88) d |
0.33
(0.24,0.45) d |
1.5 (1.0,2.2) |
1.6 (1.3,1.9) |
0.6 (0.4,0.7) |
0.39
(0.25,0.62) d |
0.36
(0.26,0.49) d |
1.08 (0.69,1.69)d |
0.74 (0.37,1.49)d |
|
| 1 | 0.2 (0.1,0.5) |
0.2 (0.1,0.4) |
0.1 (0.0,0.2) |
0.53 (0.14,2.09) |
0.38
(0.15,0.96) |
0.2 (0.1,0.5) |
0.2 (0.1,0.4) |
0.1 (0.08,0.2) |
0.56 (0.21,1.44) |
0.54 (0.27,1.08) |
1.42 (0.45,4.47) |
1.04 (0.20,5.37) |
|
| 7F | 1.2 (0.8,2.0) |
2.0 (1.6,2.4) |
0.6 (0.5,0.8) |
0.51
(0.29,0.89) d |
0.32
(0.22,0.44) d |
1.2 (0.8,1.8) |
1.3 (1.1,1.6) |
0.4 (0.3,0.6) |
0.35
(0.21,0.59) d |
0.32
(0.22,0.45) d |
1.00 (0.61,1.64)d |
0.68 (0.31,1.49)d |
|
| 3,6A,19A | 2.7 (1.9,3.6) |
3.2 (2.7,3.7) |
4.0 (3.6,4.5) |
1.42 (1.00,2.01)d |
1.20 (0.99,1.45)d |
2.1 (1.5,2.8) |
2.3 (2.0,2.7) |
2.3 (2.0,2.6) |
1.04 (0.74,1.47)d |
0.93 (0.76,1.14)d |
0.79 (0.59,1.05)d |
0.75 (0.45,1.26)d |
|
| 3 | 1.4 (0.9,2.1) |
1.6 (1.3,1.9) |
2.0 (1.7,2.4) |
1.41 (0.88,2.28)d |
1.23 (0.95,1.61)d |
1.1 (0.7,1.7) |
1.1 (0.9,1.4) |
1.6 (1.4,1.9) |
1.42 (0.91,2.22)d |
1.39
(1.07,1.81) d |
1.15 (0.79,1.68)d |
1.04 (0.55,1.99)d |
|
| 6A | 1.1 (0.7,1.7) |
1.1 (0.9,1.5) |
0.2 (0.1,0.3) |
0.15
(0.08,0.30) d |
0.15
(0.08,0.26) d |
0.5 (0.3,0.9) |
0.6 (0.4,0.8) |
0.1 (0.0,0.2) |
0.19
(0.08,0.48) d |
0.16
(0.08,0.33) d |
1.10 (0.43,2.80)d |
1.29 (0.41,4.07)d |
|
| 19A | 0.2 (0.1,0.9) |
0.5 (0.3,0.7) |
1.8 (1.6,2.2) |
7.74
(1.83,32.8) d |
3.49
(2.25,5.42) d |
0.5 (0.2,1.0) |
0.6 (0.5,0.9) |
0.5 (0.4,0.7) |
1.06 (0.48,2.34)d |
0.83 (0.54,1.27)d |
0.24
(0.12,0.45) d |
0.14
(0.02,0.81) d |
|
| NVT | 3.4 (2.5,4.5) |
4.4 (3.8,5.0) |
8.6 (8.0,9.3) |
2.36
(1.77,3.15) d |
1.84
(1.59,2.13) d |
3.0 (2.2,4.2) |
3.4 (2.9,4.0) |
7.3 (6.8,7.8) |
2.30
(1.64,3.22) d |
2.05
(1.71,2.45) d |
1.11 (0.88,1.40)d |
0.98 (0.63,1.50)d |
|
| 6C | 0.0 (0.0,0.2)* |
0.05 (0.0,0.2) |
1.2 (1.0,1.5) |
Inf
(5.94,Inf)* |
24.08
(5.04,115) d |
0.1 (0.0,1.0) |
0.1 (0.0,0.2) |
0.3 (0.2,0.4) |
4.48 (0.38,52.8)d |
2.79 (0.98,7.98)d |
0.12
(0.02,0.67) d |
- | |
Comments: 1) In order to make the final results more clear we have decided to present age adjusted rate ratios also within vaccine group (PCV10, PCV13). 2) The estimates for serotype 1 are not age adjusted due to model fitting issues caused by the fact that there were no cases in the age group 0–4. 3) Serotype 6C has now been added to the table. 4) A new column has been added to the end of the table comparing the rate ratios of the two county groups having the year 2007 as baseline.
aThese calculations were made by using an exact method on the observed data.
bIncidence per 100000 population in year (95% Confidence Interval)
cSignificant changes in rate ratios in bold
dAge adjusted ratios
eSerotypes included are: 4, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F, 23F