Table 2.

Overview of measurement instruments

Measurement		Unit of analysis	Respondent	Measurement instruments
Primary outcome at resident level	Quality of dying of the residents	Deceased resident	Staff	End-of-Life in Dementia Scales – Comfort Assessment while dying (EOLD-CAD) [23, 24]
Primary outcome at staff level	Staff knowledge of palliative care	Staff	Staff	Palliative care survey (PCS) construct ‘Palliative care knowledge’ [22]
Secondary outcomes	Staff self-efficacy (confidence) in communicating with residents at the end of life and their families	Staff	Staff	Self-Efficacy in End-of-Life Care Survey (S-EOLC) subscale ‘Communication’ [25]
	Staff self-perceived educational needs regarding patient and family communication and cultural and ethical values	Staff	Staff	End-of-Life Professional Caregiver Survey (EPCS), subscales ‘Patient and family communication’ and ‘cultural and ethical values’ [26]
	Staff opinions on palliative care	Staff	Staff	Rotterdam Move2PC, 11 statements regarding opinions [27]
	Quality of end-of-life care	Deceased resident	Staff	Quality of Dying in Long Term Care (QOD LTC) [28]
Economic outcomes	Resident’s health-related quality of life in last week of life in relation to direct cost of care (intervention and control)	Deceased resident	Staff	EuroQol EQ. 5D-5 L (http://www.euroqol.org/) End-of-Life in Dementia Scales – Comfort Assessment while dying (EOLD-CAD) [23, 24] Quality of Dying in Long Term Care (QOD LTC) [28]
Other measures	Quality of end-of-life care according to the relatives	Deceased resident	Relative	End-of-Life in Dementia Scales – Satisfaction with Care (EOLD-SWC) [23, 24]
	Quality of communication between relatives and physicians	Deceased resident	Relative	Family Perception of Physician-Family Communication (FPPFC) [29]
	Structural, facility level characteristics:
	Facility status, type, case-mix, size, averaged length of stay, staffing and level of personnel	Facility	key person management	Proposal made by consortium
	Palliative care policies of facility	Facility	key person management	Based on Belgian survey [8]
	Structural quality indicators: Infrastructure, and access to palliative care	Facility	key person management	EU FP7 IMPACT Structural Quality Indicators for palliative care [30]
	Clinical and background characteristics:
	Comorbidities and cause of death	Deceased resident	Staff GP	Based on Belgian survey [8]
	Functional and cognitive status	Deceased resident	Staff	Bedford Alzheimer Nursing Severity-Scale BANS-S [31]
	Clinical judgements on dementia and stage of dementia	Deceased resident	GP Staff	Global Deterioration Scale stage 7 (GDS) [32] Cognitive Performance Scale (CPS) [33]
	Age & gender of resident and relative, relationship to deceased	Deceased resident	Key person management Relative	Proposal made by consortium
	Timing of admission, place of death, socio-demographics, socio-economic status, religion/ethnicity	Deceased resident	Key person management Relative	Proposal made by consortium
	Age & gender of staff, experience, level of education, palliative care training	Staff	Staff	Proposal made by the consortium
	Age & gender of GP, experience, palliative care training)	Deceased resident	GP	Proposal made by the consortium