Table 2.

Effect decomposition for four TDF constructs as hypothesised mediators

Mediator	Intervention-mediator effect	Mediator-outcome effect	ATE	ADE	ACME	Proportion mediated (%)
Knowledge	− 0.84 (−5.05 to 3.37)	1.01 (0.96 to 1.06)	0.40 (0.19 to 0.57)*	0.40 (0.20 to 0.58)*	0.00 (− 0.01 to 0.04)	0.00 (− 0.18 to 0.09)
Skills	2.66 (−1.91 to 7.24)	0.99 (0.96 to 1.02)	0.40 (0.19 to 0.57)*	0.38 (0.18 to 0.56)*	0.02 (− 0.02 to 0.08)	0.05 (− 0.08 to 0.21)
Professional role and identity	− 0.88 (− 5.12 to 3.37)	1.00 (0.95 to 1.05)	0.38 (0.17 to 0.55)*	0.38 (0.18 to 0.56)*	0.00 (− 0.03 to 0.03)	0.00 (− 0.09 to 0.09)
Environmental context and resources	− 2.12 (− 6.54 to 2.31)	0.99 (0.96 to 1.03)	0.39 (0.19 to 0.56)*	0.38 (0.18 to 0.56)*	0.00 (− 0.03 to 0.04)	0.00 (− 0.10 to 0.11)

All effects unstandardized with their 95% confidence intervals. The mediator-outcome effects are presented as odds ratios

ATE average total effect, ADE average direct effect, ACME average causal mediation effect

*p = < 0.05