Fig. 5.

Normalised gene expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines in LPS induced U87-MG cell lines (n = 3). The mRNA expression values were given as mean ± SEM normalised to GAPDH levels in each sample. Y-axis values represent the number of mRNA copies relative to the number of GAPDH copies. Control-untreated cell line; LPS (100 μg/mL), K. grandifoliola stem bark (FKG) and C. citratus leaves (FCC) were tested at 12.5 μg/mL, DK50-Diclofenac potassium 50 μg/mL treated cells. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. #, ##, ### denote statistical significance at p < 0.05, p < 0.01 & p < 0.001 in comparison to the LPS treated group. *, **, *** denote statistical significance at p < 0.05, p < 0.01 & p < 0.001 in comparison to the control group