Table 4.
Silver nanoparticle coating of surfaces to prevent biofilm formation.
| Nanoparticle Coating | Status | Outcome(s) | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ag-TiO2 | |||
| AgNO3 coating of nanotubes | In vitro & in vivo validated | Activity against planktonic and adherent MRSA up to 30 days in vitro Antibacterial activity & biocompatibility up to 4 weeks in vivo |
[40,201,202] |
| AgCl-TiO2 coating from AgCl-TiCl4 sol reaction | In vitro validated | Inhibtion of S. epidermidis biofilm formation | [204] |
| PEO TiO2 coating with silver acetate HMC | In vitro validated | Activity against planktonic & sessile S. epidermidis and MRSA Downregulation of ica & fnb genes Preferential adherence of fibroblasts in co-culture |
[51] |
| Ag-Ti | |||
| Plasma immersion ion implantation | In vitro & in vivo validated | Embedded NPs less toxic than free NPs 60-day S. epidermidis biofilm reduction Downregulation of ica genes |
[203] |
| SLM with ALD of silver nanolayer | In vitro & in vivo validated | Reduced S. epidermidis adherence & growth in vitro Indication of slow MRSA growth in vitro In vivo bone ingrowth and biocompatibility |
[205] |
| Other AgNPs | |||
| AgO-HA sprayed Ti surface | In vitro & in vivo validated | Reduced MRSA biofilm coverage over 14 days in vitro & in vivo | [206] |
| Ag-DLC-PE immersion ion implantation | In vitro validated | Reduced S. epidermidis planktonic growth over 24 h | [207] |
ALD: Atomic layer deposition; DLC-PE: Diamond-like carbon-coated polyethylene; HA: Hydroxyapatite; HMC: Hydrothermal metal coupling; PEO: Plasma electrolytic oxidation; SLM: Selective laser melting.