Table 3.
Factors Associated With HIV Shedding as Determined by Generalized Estimating Equation Modelinga
| Factor | Visits With HIV Shedding (% of Visits) | Univariate | Univariate | Multivariate | Multivariate |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RR (95% CI) | P Value | Adjusted RR (95% CI) | P Value | ||
| Age (10-y increments) | 0.97 (.90–1.05) | .49 | |||
| White non-Hispanic | 154 (70.0) | 1.08 (.91–1.28) | .37 | ||
| Other | 84 (69.4) | 0.97 (.90–1.05) | .49 | ||
| ART use | 24 (53.3) | 0.75 (.61–.94) | .01 | ||
| Time since infection, mo | 218 (72.7) | 0.99 (.98–1.00) | .03 | ||
| HIV RNA log10 copies | 1.21 (1.13–1.31) | <.01 | 1.22 (1.14–1.32) | <.01 | |
| CD4+ count, cells/µL | 0.95 (.91–.98) | <.01 | |||
| CD8+ count, cells/µL | 1.01 (1.00–1.02) | .05 | |||
| Herpesvirus | |||||
| HSV 1 or 2 | 1.34 (1.16–1.56) | <.01 | 1.30 (1.09–1.54) | <.01 | |
| Any | 19 (95.0) | ||||
| None | 220 (69.4) | ||||
| CMV | 1.16 (1.01–1.34) | .04 | 1.16 (1.01–1.33) | .03 | |
| Any | 130 (74.3) | ||||
| None | 112 (65.9) | ||||
| EBV | 1.21 (1.06–1.39) | <.01 | 1.17 (1.03–1.33) | .02 | |
| Any | 91 (79.1) | ||||
| None | 151 (65.9) | ||||
| HHV-6 | 1.26 (1.06–1.48) | <.01 | |||
| Any | 13 (72.2) | ||||
| None | 221 (69.5) | ||||
| HHV-7 | 1.14 (.96–1.37) | .14 | |||
| Any | 28 (80.0) | ||||
| None | 210 (69.1) | ||||
| HHV-8 | 0.94 (.67–1.31) | .72 | |||
| Any | 15 (71.4) | ||||
| None | 227 (70.1) |
Abbreviations: ART, antiretroviral therapy; CI, confidence interval; CMV, cytomegalovirus; EBV, Epstein-Barr virus; HSV, herpes simplex virus 1/2; HHV, human herpesvirus; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; RR, relative risk.
a
Obtained using data from a subset of participants as described in the Methods (participants: n = 176; total visits: n = 330).