Table 2.
Bacterial Species Cultured From the Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformation Patients With Cerebral Abscesses
| Species | Current Cohort | Previous Cohort [9]a | Total Isolates | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases | Associationsb | Cases | Associations | Cases | % of 24 Positive Isolates | |
| Streptococcal spp | 4 | 3/4 dental | 5 | 4/5 dental | 9 | 41 |
| Streptococcus milleri | 1 | Scale and polish, poor dental hygienec | 3 | Post scale and polish (2 cases) | 4 | 18d |
| Streptococcus anginosus | 1 | Ongoing major dental work | 1 | Very poor dental hygiene | 2 | 9 |
| Nonhemolytic streptococci | 1 | Deep gum pocket periodontitis | … | … | 1 | 5 |
| α-Hemolytic streptococci | 1 | None recorded | … | … | 1 | 5 |
| Uncharacterized | … | … | 1 | Very poor dental hygiene | 1 | 5 |
| Actinomyces sppe | 2 | Extraction, poor dental hygiene | 2 | Dental platesf | 4 | 18 |
| Staphylococcus intermedius | 1 | Recent dental work | … | … | 1 | 5 |
| Unspecified anaerobe species | 1 | Scale and polish, poor dental hygienec | … | … | 1 | 5 |
| Bacteroides spp | … | … | 2 | Dental platesf | 2 | 9 |
| Propionobacterium | … | … | 1 | Dental platesf | 1 | 5 |
| Porphyromonas, Gemella, and Peptostreptococcus | … | … | 1 | Dental work and fillings | 1 | 5 |
| MRSA, Enterococcus | … | … | 1 | Recent venous access | 1 | 5 |
| Uncharacterized gram-positive rods | … | … | 2 | Poor dentition, dental abscess | 2 | 9 |
| Uncharacterized gram-positive cocci | … | … | 1 | Dental abscess | 1 | 5 |
Abbreviation: MRSA, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
aMicrobiological isolates include those from 4 additional abscesses in the previous cohort [8] that occurred after study closure, and thus were not included in either abscess series.
bAll evident at the time or recalled within 12 months of intervention.
cSame case.
dNote that in 118 pediatric cases presenting to 4 UK neurosurgical centers over 12 years, this was the most frequent organism (38% of positive cultures), except after penetrating head injury or neurosurgery, for which Staphylococcus aureus was most common [30].
e Actinomyces israelii, Actinomyces meyeri, and unspecified.
fSame case.